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Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavija
Социјалистичка Федеративна Република Југославија
Socialistična federativna republika
Jugoslavija
1945–1992
Flag Emblem
Motto
Bratstvo i jedinstvo
"Brotherhood and unity"
Anthem
Hej, Slaveni
Хеј, Словени
"Hey, Slavs"
Yugoslavia in 1989
Capital Belgrade
Languages Serbo-Croatian
Slovene
Macedonian
Demonym Yugoslav, Yugoslavian
Government One-party socialist federal republic
President
 •  1945–1953 Ivan Ribar (first)
 •  1953–1980 Josip Broz Tito
 •  1991 Stjepan Mesić (last)
Prime Minister
 •  1945–1953 Josip Broz Tito (first)
 •  1989–1991 Ante Marković (last)
General Secretary
 •  1945–1980 Josip Broz Tito (first)
 •  1989–1990 Milan Pančevski (last)
Legislature Federal Assembly
 •  Upper house Chamber of Republics
 •  Lower house Federal Chamber
Historical era Cold War
 •  Proclamation 29 November 1945
 •  Constitution adopted 31 January 1946
 •  Balkan Pact signed 28 February 1953
 •  Death of Josip Broz Tito 4 May 1980
 •  Disintegration 27 April 1992
Area
 •  1989 255,804 km² (98,766 sq mi)
Population
 •  1989 est. 23,724,919 
     Density 92.7 /km²  (240.2 /sq mi)
Currency Yugoslav dinar
Internet TLD .yu
Calling code +38
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Free Territory of Trieste
Croatia
Slovenia
Macedonia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
FR Yugoslavia
Today part of  Serbia
 Croatia
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Slovenia
 Montenegro
 Macedonia
 Kosovo
a. ^ Full name in the Serbo-Croatian language, written in the Latin alphabet (see Name section for details).
b. ^ Full name in Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian, written in Cyrillic.
c. ^ Full name in the Slovene language (Slovene only uses Latin).
d. ^ There was no de jure official language at the federal level, but Serbo-Croatian was de facto official. It was also legally the official language in the federal republics of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.
e. ^ Official in Slovenia.
f. ^ Official in Macedonia.

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia or SFRY) was the Yugoslav state that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of World War II until its dissolution in 1991 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia. In addition, it included two autonomous provinces within Serbia: Kosovo and Vojvodina.

After initially siding with the Eastern bloc under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito at the beginning of the Cold War, Yugoslavia pursued a policy of neutrality after the Tito–Stalin split of 1948, and it became one of the founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement. After the death of Tito in 1980, rising ethnic nationalism in the late 1980s led to dissidence among the multiple ethnicities within the constituent republics, followed by collapse of inter-republic talks on transformation of the federation and recognition of their independence by some European states in 1991. This led to the federation collapsing along the federal borders, followed by the final downfall and breakup of the federation in 1992, and the start of the Yugoslav Wars. The term "former Yugoslavia" (bivša Jugoslavija) is now commonly used retrospectively.


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