Goryeo

Kingdom of Goryeo
고려국 (高麗國)
Independent kingdom (918–1270, 1356–1392) Vassal of the Mongol Yuan dynasty (1270–1356)
918–1392
Royal flag Royal seal(1370-92)
Goryeo in 1389
Capital		Gaegyeong (919–1232, 1270–1392) Ganghwa (1232–1270)
Languages		Middle Korean
Religion		Korean Buddhism, Korean Confucianism, Korean Taoism, Korean shamanism
Government		Monarchy
King
•	918–943	Taejo (first)
•	949–975	Gwangjong
•	981–997	Seongjong
•	1046–1083	Munjong
•	1351–1374	Gongmin
•	1389–1392	Gongyang (last)
Military regime leader
•	1170–1171	Jeong Jung-bu (first)
•	1171–1174	Yi Ui-bang
•	1196–1219	Choe Chung-heon
•	1270	Im Yu-mu (last)
History
•	Later Three Kingdoms rise	900
•	Coronation of Taejo	15 June, 918
•	Unification of the Later Three Kingdoms	936
•	Goryeo–Khitan War	993–1019
•	Completion of Tripitaka Koreana	1251
•	Military regime	1170–1270
•	Vassal of the Mongol Yuan dynasty	1270–1356
•	Abdication of Gongyang	17 July, 1392
Population
•	1123 est.	2,100,000
•	1200 est.	3,000,000
•	1392 est.	5,000,000
Preceded by Succeeded by Unified Silla Hubaekje Taebong Balhae Joseon
Today part of		South Korea  North Korea

Monarchs of Korea Goryeo

Taejo 918–943 Hyejong 943–945 Jeongjong 945–949 Gwangjong 949–975 Gyeongjong 975–981 Seongjong 981–997 Mokjong 997–1009 Hyeonjong 1009–1031 Deokjong 1031–1034 Jeongjong II 1034–1046 Munjong 1046–1083 Sunjong 1083 Seonjong 1083–1094 Heonjong 1094–1095 Sukjong 1095–1105 Yejong 1105–1122 Injong 1122–1146 Uijong 1146–1170 Myeongjong 1170–1197 Sinjong 1197–1204 Huijong 1204–1211 Gangjong 1211–1213 Gojong 1213–1259 Wonjong 1259–1269 Yeongjong1269 Wonjong 1269–1274 Chungnyeol 1274–1308 Chungseon 1308–1313 Chungsuk 1313–1330 1332–1339 Chunghye 1330–1332 1339–1344 Chungmok 1344–1348 Chungjeong 1348–1351 Gongmin 1351–1374 U 1374–1388 Chang 1388–1389 Gongyang 1389–1392

Goryeo, also spelled as Koryŏ (Hangul: 고려; Hanja: 高麗; Korean pronunciation: [ko.ɾjʌ]; 918–1392), was a Korean dynasty established in 918 by King Taejo. This kingdom later gave name to the modern exonym "Korea". It united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled most of the Korean Peninsula until it was removed by the founder of the Joseon in 1392. Goryeo expanded Korea's borders to present-day Wonsan in the northeast (936–943), the Yalu River (993) and finally almost the whole of the Korean Peninsula (1374).

Two of this period's most notable products are celadon pottery and the Tripitaka Koreana—the Buddhist canon (Tripiṭaka) carved onto more than 80,000 woodblocks and stored (and still remaining) at Haeinsa. The people of Goryeo also created the first metal movable type that was capable of printing actual books, in 1234; the oldest surviving metal movable type book, the Jikji, was printed in 1377.

In 668, Silla conquered Baekje and Goguryeo with an alliance with Tang China, but by the late 9th century it was tottering, its monarchs being unimaginative and pressed by the power of powerful statesmen. Many robbers and outlaws agitated and in 900 Gyeon Hwon revolted from Silla control in the Jeolla region as the state of Later Baekje; the year after, Gung Ye revolted from the northern regions as Taebong (Later Goguryeo). A son of a regional lord, Wang Geon, joined Taebong as a general.

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