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Ziziphus jujuba

Ziziphus jujuba
ZiziphusJujubaVarSpinosa.jpg
Ziziphus jujuba
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rhamnaceae
Genus: Ziziphus
Species: Z. jujuba
Binomial name
Ziziphus jujuba
Mill.
Synonyms
  • Paliurus mairei H. Lév.
  • Rhamnus jujuba L.
  • Rhamnus soporifera Lour.
  • Rhamnus zizyphus L.
  • Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.
  • Ziziphus muratiana Maire
  • Ziziphus nitida Roxb.
  • Ziziphus orthacantha DC.
  • Ziziphus poiretii G.Don nom. illeg.
  • Ziziphus rotundata DC.
  • Ziziphus sativa Gaertn.
  • Ziziphus sinensis Lam.
  • Ziziphus soporifera (Lour.) Stokes
  • Ziziphus tomentosa Poir.
  • Ziziphus trinervia Roth nom. illeg.
  • Ziziphus vulgaris Lam.
  • Ziziphus zizyphus (L.) H.Karst.
Jujube, raw
Azufaifas fcm.jpg
Fresh jujube fruit
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 331 kJ (79 kcal)
20.23 g
0.2 g
1.2 g
Vitamins
Vitamin A equiv.
(5%)
40 μg
Thiamine (B1)
(2%)
0.02 mg
Riboflavin (B2)
(3%)
0.04 mg
Niacin (B3)
(6%)
0.9 mg
Vitamin B6
(6%)
0.081 mg
Vitamin C
(83%)
69 mg
Minerals
Calcium
(2%)
21 mg
Iron
(4%)
0.48 mg
Magnesium
(3%)
10 mg
Manganese
(4%)
0.084 mg
Phosphorus
(3%)
23 mg
Potassium
(5%)
250 mg
Sodium
(0%)
3 mg
Zinc
(1%)
0.05 mg
Other constituents
Water 77.86 g

Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database
Jujube, dried
Ziziphus jujuba MS 2461.JPG
Jujube fruit naturally turns red upon drying.
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 1,201 kJ (287 kcal)
73.6 g
1.1 g
3.7 g
Vitamins
Vitamin A equiv.
(0%)
0 μg
Thiamine (B1)
(18%)
0.21 mg
Riboflavin (B2)
(30%)
0.36 mg
Niacin (B3)
(3%)
0.5 mg
Vitamin B6
(0%)
0 mg
Vitamin C
(16%)
13 mg
Minerals
Calcium
(8%)
79 mg
Iron
(14%)
1.8 mg
Magnesium
(10%)
37 mg
Manganese
(15%)
0.305 mg
Phosphorus
(14%)
100 mg
Potassium
(11%)
531 mg
Sodium
(1%)
9 mg
Zinc
(2%)
0.19 mg
Other constituents
Water 19.7 g

Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database

Ziziphus jujuba (from Greek ζίζυφον, zízyphon), commonly called jujube (/ˈb/; sometimes jujuba), red date, Chinese date,Korean date, or Indian date is a species of Ziziphus in the buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae). It is used primarily as a shade tree that also bears fruit.

It is a small deciduous tree or shrub reaching a height of 5–12 metres (16–39 ft), usually with thorny branches. The leaves are shiny-green, ovate-acute, 2–7 centimetres (0.79–2.76 in) long and 1–3 centimetres (0.39–1.18 in) wide, with three conspicuous veins at the base, and a finely toothed margin. The flowers are small, 5 mm (0.20 in) wide, with five inconspicuous yellowish-green petals. The fruit is an edible oval drupe 1.5–3 centimetres (0.59–1.18 in) deep; when immature it is smooth-green, with the consistency and taste of an apple, maturing brown to purplish-black, and eventually wrinkled, looking like a small date. There is a single hard seed similar to an olive pit.

Its precise natural distribution is uncertain due to extensive cultivation, but is thought to be in southern Asia, between Lebanon, northern India, and southern and central China, and possibly also southeastern Europe though more likely introduced there.

This plant has been introduced in Madagascar and grows as an invasive species in the western part of the island. This plant is known as the "hinap" or "finab" in the eastern part of Bulgaria where it grows wild but is also a garden shrub, kept for its fruit. The fruit is picked in the autumn. The trees grow wild in the eastern Caribbean, and are reported to exist in Jamaica and Trinidad as well. In Antigua and Barbuda, the fruit is called "dumps" or "dums". It is also known as "pomme surete" on the French islands of the Caribbean. This fruit, more precisely known as "Indian jujube" elsewhere, is different from the "jujube" fruit that is cultivated in various parts of southern California.


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