Zheng (state)
| State of Zheng | ||||||||||
| 鄭國 | ||||||||||
| Duchy | ||||||||||
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| Capital |
Zheng (鄭) Xinzheng (新鄭) |
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| Languages | Old Chinese | |||||||||
| Religion | Taoism, Animism, ancestor worship | |||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||
| Duke | ||||||||||
| • | 806 BC – 771 BC | Duke Huan of Zheng | ||||||||
| • | 703 BC – 701 BC | Duke Zhuang of Zheng | ||||||||
| • | 395 BC – 375 BC | Duke Kang of Zheng | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | King Xuan of Zhou granting land to Prince You | 806 BC | ||||||||
| • | Conquest of the State of Han | 375 BC | ||||||||
| Currency | Chinese coin; Spade coin | |||||||||
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| Zheng | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.svg)
"Zheng" in seal script (top), Traditional (middle), and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
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| Traditional Chinese | 鄭 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 郑 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhèng |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Jenq |
| Wade–Giles | Cheng4 |
| IPA | [ʈʂə̂ŋ] |
| Wu | |
| Suzhounese | Zên |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Jehng |
| Jyutping | Zeng6 |
| Southern Min | |
| Hokkien POJ | Tēn |
| Tâi-lô | Tēnn |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart | *[d]reŋ-s |
Zheng (Chinese: 鄭; Old Chinese: *[d]reng-s) was a vassal state in China during the Zhou Dynasty (1046–221 BCE) located in the centre of ancient China in modern-day Henan Province on the North China Plain about 75 miles (121 km) east of the royal capital at Luoyang. It was the most powerful of the vassal states at the beginning of the Eastern Zhou (771–701 BCE), and was the first state to clearly establish a code of law in its late period of 543 BCE. Its ruling house had the surname Ji (姬), making them a branch of the Zhou royal house, who were given the rank of Bo (伯), corresponding roughly to being a Count.
Zheng was founded in 806 BC when King Xuan of Zhou, the penultimate king of the Western Zhou, made his younger brother Prince You (王子友) Duke of Zheng and granted him lands within the royal domain in the eponymous Zheng in modern-day Hua County, Shaanxi on the Wei River east of Xi'an. Prince You, known posthumously as Duke Huan of Zheng, established what would be the last bastion of Western Zhou. He went on to serve as Situ under King You of Zhou. When the Quanrong tribes sacked the Zhou capital Haojing in 771 BC, Duke Huan was killed along with his nephew King You of Zhou.
Duke Huan was succeeded by his son Duke Wu (鄭武公). Along with Marquis Wen of Jin, Duke Wu supported King Ping of Zhou against a rival, thereby helping to establish the Eastern Zhou. He re-established the state of Zheng in modern-day Xinzheng (meaning New Zheng), Henan, and annexed the states of Eastern Guo and Kuai. The Zheng rulers served as high ministers of the Zhou kings for several generations.
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