Zengwun Dam
| Zengwen Dam | |
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 Location of Zengwen Dam in Taiwan
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| Country | Taiwan |
| Location | Dapu, Chiayi County |
| Coordinates | 23°14′53″N 120°32′11″E / 23.24806°N 120.53639°ECoordinates: 23°14′53″N 120°32′11″E / 23.24806°N 120.53639°E |
| Status | In use |
| Construction began | 1967 |
| Opening date | 1973 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Earthfill |
| Impounds | Zengwun River |
| Height | 128 m (420 ft) |
| Length | 400 m (1,300 ft) |
| Width (crest) | 10 m (33 ft) |
| Width (base) | 445 m (1,460 ft) |
| Spillways | 3 |
| Spillway type | Gated overflow, service |
| Spillway capacity | 9,470 m3/s (334,000 cu ft/s) |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Zengwun Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 708,000,000 m3 (574,000 acre·ft) (nominal) 491,590,000 m3 (398,540 acre·ft) (2013 estimate) |
| Catchment area | 481 km2 (186 sq mi) |
| Surface area | 17 km2 (4,200 acres) |
| Power station | |
| Installed capacity | 50 MW |
| Annual generation | 184,900,320 KWh |
Zengwen Dam, also spelled Tsengwen Dam, (Chinese: 曾文水壩; Hanyu Pinyin: Zéngwén Shuǐbà; Tongyong Pinyin: Zéngwún Shuěibà; Wade–Giles: Tseng2-wen2 Shui3-b'a4) is a major earthen dam in Dapu Township, Chiayi County, Taiwan on the Zengwun River. It is the third tallest dam in Taiwan, and forms Zengwen Reservoir (曾文水庫), the biggest reservoir in Taiwan by volume. The dam stores water for irrigation of the Chianan Plain, Taiwan's most productive agricultural region, and provides flood control along the Zengwen River which flows through Tainan City. The dam supports a 50 megawatt hydroelectric power station.
The first proposals for the dam were made as early as the 1930s during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan. The Japanese had built the Chianan Irrigation system to increase Taiwan's agricultural output, which was supplied primarily by the Zengwen River. Because the Zengwen River does not cross the area of the Chianan Plain to be irrigated, a tunnel had to be punched through mountains to divert Zengwen water into the Guantian River. Between 1920 and 1930, the Wushantou Dam was built, forming an impoundment of the Guantian River to store 154,160,000 cubic metres (124,980 acre·ft) of water for seasonal use. At the time of completion, it was the largest dam in Taiwan. Also built was the Tungkou Weir on the Zengwen River, a 220.8-metre (724 ft) long structure designed to divert the water into the Guantian tunnel. The system irrigates about 150,000 hectares (370,000 acres) of land which otherwise does not receive enough consistent rainfall to grow crops such as rice.
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