Zaiyuan
| Zaiyuan | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Yi of the First Rank | |||||
| Prince Yi of the First Rank | |||||
| Tenure | 1825–1861 | ||||
| Predecessor | Zaifang | ||||
| Successor | Zaidun | ||||
| Born | 1816 | ||||
| Died | 1861 (aged 44–45) Beijing, China |
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| House | Aisin Gioro | ||||
| Full name | |
|---|---|
| Aisin Gioro Zaiyuan (愛新覺羅·載垣) |
| Zaiyuan | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 載垣 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 载垣 | ||||||||
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| Prince Yi | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 怡親王 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 怡亲王 | ||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zǎiyuán |
| Wade–Giles | Tsai-yüan |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Yí Qīnwáng |
| Wade–Giles | I Chin-wang |
Zaiyuan (1816–1861), formally known as Prince Yi, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. He was one of the eight regents appointed by the Xianfeng Emperor to assist his successor, the Tongzhi Emperor.
Zaiyuan was born in the Aisin Gioro clan as a descendant of Yunxiang (1686–1730), the 13th son of the Kangxi Emperor. He inherited his ancestors' peerage, "Prince Yi of the First Rank", in 1852 during the reign of the Daoguang Emperor (r. 1820–50).
Zaiyuan took up important positions during the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor (r. 1850–61), including a minister in the Imperial Clan Court and an imperial guard commander. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, Zaiyuan and Muyin (穆蔭) travelled to Tongzhou to replace Guiliang (桂良) in the peace negotiations with the British and French. When the negotiations failed, the Mongol general Sengge Rinchen captured the British diplomats Harry Smith Parkes and Henry Loch, Thomas William Bowlby (a journalist for The Times), and their escorts. The majority of the group – except the two diplomats – died from torture or disease; the survivors were released later. The Anglo-French expeditionary force closed in on Beijing. On 18 October, in retaliation for the capture and deaths of the peace delegation, the British and French destroyed the Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan). Zaiyuan had already fled with the Xianfeng Emperor to the Chengde Mountain Resort in Hebei. Prince Gong, who was ordered to remain behind to make peace with the invaders, successfully concluded the Convention of Beijing with the British, French and Russians.
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