Yecheng

Yecheng
Bronze coin of Roman Emperor Constantius II (337-361), found in Karghalik
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	葉城
Simplified Chinese	叶城
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Yèchéng Wade–Giles Yeh-ch’êng
Han Dynasty name
Chinese	西夜
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Xi yè Wade–Giles Hsi yeh4
Alternate Han Dynasty name
Chinese	漂沙
Literal meaning	Drifting Sands
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Piào shā Wade–Giles P'iao4 sha1
Uyghur name
Uyghur	قاغىلىق
Transcriptions Latin Yëziqi Qaghiliq Yengi Yeziⱪ K̡aƣilik̡ SASM/GNC Kargilik Siril Yëziqi Қағилиқ

Coordinates: 37°53′6″N 77°24′47″E / 37.88500°N 77.41306°E / 37.88500; 77.41306

Yecheng, Karghilik or Karghalik, also known as Chokkuka, is a city in Xinjiang, China. It is 249 km by road northwest to Kashgar, and 249 km south to Mazar.

Yecheng is the name of both the oasis and the town, and is situated on the southern rim of the Taklamakan desert is about halfway between Pishan and Yarkand on the southern route around the Tarim Basin. It is about 50 km north of Kokyar, The rich loess terraces of the oasis are watered by the Tiznaf river and several smaller streams. They are joined to the north by a belt of cultivated land stretching about 40 km from the town of Yecheng to the Yarkand River.

The population were presumably converted to Islam soon after the new religion arrived in the Tarim Basin about 1006 CE.

In earlier times it was important as the usual starting-point for caravans to India, through the Pamirs, via Tashkurghan, or through Ladakh by the Karakoram passes.

Kargalik held a large number of foreign slaves who integrated into the Chinese state. After being freed, many slaves such as Gilgitis in Xinjiang cities like Tashkurgan, Yarkand, and Karghallik, stayed rather than return Hunza in Gilgit. Most of these slaves were women who married local slave and non slave men and had children with them. Sometimes the women were married to their masters, other slaves, or free men who were not their masters. There were ten slave men to slave women married couples, and 15 master slave women couples, with several other non master free men married to slave women. Both slave and free Turki and Chinese men fathered children with Hunza slave women. A freeman, Khas Muhammad, was married with 2 children to a woman slave named Daulat, aged 24. A Gilgiti slave woman aged 26, Makhmal, was married to a Chinese slave man, Allah Vardi and had 3 children with him.