Yawi language
| Kelantan-Pattani Malay | |
|---|---|
| Baso Pattani Baso Kelate |
|
| ภาษายาวี بهاس جاوي Bahasa Jawi |
|
| Native to | Malaysia, Thailand |
| Region | Kelantan, Pattani, Narathiwat, Yala, Songkhla (Thailand), Merapoh (Pahang), Besut and Setiu (Terengganu), Baling (Kedah), Hulu Perak and Grik (Perak) |
| Ethnicity | Thai Malays, Kelantanese Malays |
|
Native speakers
|
1 million in Thailand (2006) 1.5 million in Malaysia |
| Latin script, Arabic Script, Thai script | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
|
| Glottolog | patt1249 |
Kelantan-Pattani Malay, often referred to in Thailand as Yawi (in Thai) or Jawi (in Patani Malay), and in Kelantan as Baso Kelate, is a Malayan language spoken in the Malaysian state of Kelantan and the neighbouring southernmost provinces of Thailand. It is the primary spoken language of Thai Malays, but is also used as a lingua franca by ethnic Southern Thais in rural areas, Muslim and non-Muslim, and the samsam, a mostly Thai-speaking population of mixed Malay and Thai ancestry.
Kelantan–Pattani Malay is a highly divergent dialect of Malay because of the geographical isolation of the dialect from the rest of the Malay world by high mountains, deep rainforest and the South China Sea. In Thailand, it is influenced by Thai. Several varieties exist, but they are mutually comprehensible to the extent that native speakers of Pattani and Kelantanese often cannot differentiate each other.
Kelantanese–Pattani Malay is distinct enough that radio broadcasts in Standard Malay cannot be understood easily by native speakers of Kelantanese–Pattani Malay who are not taught the standard language, for example, those in Thailand. Unlike Malaysia where Standard Malay is compulsory in the school curriculum, no one is required to learn Standard Malay in Thailand, and so there is potentially less language influence from standard Malay but potentially more from Thai. It is different also from Kedah Malay and Terengganuan Malay, but both dialects have close similarities with the Kelantanese-Pattani Malay dialect.
The language is often referred to in Thai as Phasa Yawi (Thai: ภาษายาวี [pʰāːsǎː jāːwīː]), which is a corruption of the Malay name for the modified Arabic alphabet for writing Malay, Jawi (Yawi: جاوي, Rumi: Jawi, IPA: [dʑaˈwi]). It is also referred to in Thai as Phasa Malayu Pattani (Thai: ภาษามลายูปัตตานี [pʰāːsǎː mālāːjūː pàttāːnīː]) and similarly locally in Malay as Bahasa Malayu Patani (Jawi: بهاس ملايو ڤطاني, Rumi: Bahasa Melayu Patani, local pronunciation: [baˈsɔ ˈnːaju ˈtːaniŋ]). The dialect is often simply just called Bahasa Patani.
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