Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture
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Xishuangbanna Prefecture 西双版纳州 ·  สิบสองปันนา |
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| Autonomous prefecture | |
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西双版纳傣族自治州
 Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture |
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 Location of Xishuangbanna Prefecture in Yunnan |
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| Coordinates: 22°00′N 100°48′E / 22.000°N 100.800°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Yunnan |
| 532800 | |
| Admin HQ | Jinghong |
| Admin units | |
| Area | |
| • Total | 19,700 km2 (7,600 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 993,397 |
| • Density | 50/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Postal code | 666100 |
| Area code(s) | 0691 |
| Website | www |
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1Yunnan Statistics Bureau [1] 2Yunnan Portal [2] |
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| Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture | |||||||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 西双版纳傣族自治州 | ||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 西雙版納傣族自治州 | ||||||||||||||
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| Former Chinese name (1) | |||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 车里 | ||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 車里 | ||||||||||||||
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| Former Chinese name (2) | |||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 允景洪 | ||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 允景洪 | ||||||||||||||
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| Tai Lü name | |||||||||||||||
| Tai Lü |
([síp.sɔ́ŋ.pân.nâː]) |
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| Hani name | |||||||||||||||
| Hani | Xisual banaq | ||||||||||||||
| Akha name | |||||||||||||||
| Akha | Sǐsǎwpâna | ||||||||||||||
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Xīshuāngbǎnnà Dǎizú Zìzhìzhōu |
| Wade–Giles | Hsi1-shuang1-pan3-na4 Tai3-tsu2 Tzu4-chih4-chou1 |
| IPA | [ɕíʂwáŋpànnâ tàitsǔ tsîʈʂîʈʂóu] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Jyutping | Sai1soeng1baan2naap6 Daai2zuk6 Zi6ci4zau1 |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Chēlǐ |
| Wade–Giles | Ch'e1-li3 |
| IPA | [ʈʂʰɤ́lì] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Jyutping | Ce1lei5 |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Yǔnjǐnghóng |
| Wade–Giles | Yün3-ching3-hung2 |
| IPA | [ỳntɕìŋxʊ̌ŋ] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Jyutping | Wan5ging2hung4 |
Xishuangbanna, Sibsongbanna, or Sipsong Panna, shortened to Banna (full name: Tai Lü: ᦈᦹᧈᦈᦹᧈᦋᦵᦲᧁᦘᦱᦉᦱᦑᦺ᧑᧒ᦗᧃᦓᦱ; Chinese: 西双版纳傣族自治州; Thai: สิบสองปันนา; Lao: ສິບສອງພັນນາ; Burmese: စစ်ဆောင်ပန်းနား) is a Tai Lü autonomous prefecture in the extreme south of Yunnan, China. The prefectural seat is Jinghong, the largest settlement in the area and one that straddles the Mekong, called the "Lancang River" in Chinese.
Sipsongpanna (cognate to the Thai สิบสองปันนา, rtgs: Sipsong Panna) is a Tai Lü compound consisting of sipsong "twelve", pan "township" and "rice paddy". The name refers to the traditional division of the mueang into twelve districts that were called panna (literally "township rice-fields") The etymology is parallel to the autonomous Tai-speaking region in French Indochina from 1890 to 1945 called Sip Song Chau Tai meaning "twelve Tai cantons".
In the chaos of the Xinhai Revolution that overthrew the Qing government in 1911 in favor of a Chinese republican government, a local official, Meeng Jie, staged a rebellion against Qing remnant officials. The Yunnan provincial government of the newly-established Republic of China sent troops in 1913 to oust the rebels. Ke Shuxun remained in Xishuangbanna to govern with his "13 Principles of Governing the Frontier", which emphasized equality between Han and Dai in areas such as land ownership and taxation, allowed intermarriage between the ethnic groups and promoted education in secular and technical subjects, rather than Burmese-based monastic education. The Second Sino-Japanese War (1931-1945) saw the heavy bombardment of Xishuangbanna by Japanese troops and a simultaneous influx of Pan-Taiist propaganda from Japan's ally, Thailand. According to Hsieh, this reduced the appeal of a broad pan-Tai identity among the Dai Lue.
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