Dover is a town in Dutchess County, New York, United States. The population was 8,699 at the 2010 census. The town was named after Dover in England, the home town of an early settler.

The town of Dover is located on the eastern boundary of the county, north of Pawling, south of Amenia, and west of the state of Connecticut.

In 1637, the Pequot people had been driven from their former homes in Connecticut and settled in what is now Dover. They were led by Gideon Mauwee for part of their time in this location.

The town was formed in 1807 from part of the town of Pawling. The first town meeting took place in the home of John Preston, an early settler. That home, built circa 1730, is now an inn and restaurant known as Old Drovers Inn.

The Harlem Valley Psychiatric Center (1924–1994) was a major source of employment for Dover and the surrounding areas. When the center was closed in 1994, many businesses in the area were hit hard. Many of the brick and marble buildings on the grounds still stand. The property and buildings were purchased in 2003 by the Benjamin Development Corporation, and the eastern portion was sold to Olivet Management in 2013.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 56.3 square miles (145.9 km²), of which 55.2 square miles (142.9 km²) is land and 1.2 square miles (3.0 km²), or 2.04%, is water. The town is drained by the Ten Mile River, which flows from the north through the center of town, then turns east into Connecticut and joins the Housatonic River.

The east town line is the border of Connecticut.

The Appalachian Trail passes through the town.

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