White spot syndrome
| White spot syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group I (dsDNA) |
| Family: | Nimaviridae |
| Genus: | Whispovirus |
| Species | |
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White spot syndrome virus |
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White spot syndrome virus
White spot syndrome virus is the lone virus (and type species) of the genus Whispovirus (white spot), which is the only genus in the family Nimaviridae. It is responsible for causing white spot syndrome in a wide range of crustacean hosts.White spot syndrome (WSS) is a viral infection of penaeid shrimp. The disease is highly lethal and contagious, killing shrimps quickly. Outbreaks of this disease have wiped out within a few days the entire populations of many shrimp farms throughout the world.
The disease is caused by a family of related viruses subsumed as the Whitespot Syndrome Baculovirus complex (WSSV) and the disease caused by them as white spot syndrome (WSS).
The first reported epidemic due to this virus is from Taiwan in 1992; however, reports of losses due to white spot disease came from China in 1993, where it led to a virtual collapse of the shrimp farming industry. This was followed by outbreaks in Japan and Korea in the same year, Thailand, India and Malaysia in 1994, and by 1996 it had severely affected East Asia and South Asia. In late 1995, it was reported in the United States, 1998 in Central and South America, 1999 in Mexico' in 2000 in the Philippines, and in 2011 in Saudi Arabia. The virus was detected in Queensland, Australia in November 2016. Australia was believed to be the last shrimp-growing region free from the virus.
White spot syndrome virus is a species of virus in the genus Whispovirus, in the family Nimaviridae. It is the only species in this family, and so serves as the type species.
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