Wanyan Yongji
| Prince Shao of Wei | |||||||||||||
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| Emperor of the Jin dynasty | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 29 December 1208 – 11 September 1213 | ||||||||||||
| Born | (unknown) | ||||||||||||
| Died | 11 September 1213 | ||||||||||||
| Spouse |
Empress Tushan Lady Yuan |
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| Issue |
Wanyan Congke Wanyan Ju Wanyan Xuan Wanyan Cao Princess of Qi |
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| Father | Emperor Shizong | ||||||||||||
| Mother | Empress Guangxian | ||||||||||||
| Full name | |
|---|---|
| Wanyan Yongji Xingsheng (courtesy name) |
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| Era dates | |
| Da'an (大安; 1209–1211) Chongqing (崇慶; 1212–1213) Zhining (至寧; 1213) |
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| Posthumous name | |
| Prince Shao of Wei (衛紹王) |
| Wanyan Yongji | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 完顏永濟 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 完颜永济 | ||||||
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| Prince Shao of Wei | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 衛紹王 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 卫绍王 | ||||||
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| Xingsheng (courtesy name) |
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| Traditional Chinese | 興勝 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 兴胜 | ||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Wányán Yǒngjì |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Weì Shào Wáng |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Xīngshèng |
Wanyan Yongji (died 11 September 1213), courtesy name Xingsheng, was the seventh emperor of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty, which ruled northern China between the 12th and 13th centuries. He reigned for about five years from 1208 until 1213, when he was assassinated by the general Heshilie Zhizhong. Despite having ruled as an emperor, Wanyan Yongji was not posthumously honoured as an emperor. Instead, in 1216, his successor, Emperor Xuanzong, reverted his status back to "Prince of Wei" (衛王) – the title Wanyan Yongji held before he became emperor – and gave him the posthumous name "Shao" (紹), hence Wanyan Yongji is historically referred to as "Prince Shao of Wei" (or Wei Shao Wang).
Wanyan Yongji's birth name was "Wanyan Yunji" (完顏允濟); his given name was changed to "Yongji" later to avoid naming taboo because Emperor Zhangzong's father was Wanyan Yungong (完顏允恭). He was the seventh son of Wanyan Yong (Emperor Shizong) and an uncle of Wanyan Jing (Emperor Zhangzong). His mother was Lady Li, a concubine of Emperor Shizong. In 1171, he was given the title "Prince of Xue" (薛王) but was later changed to "Prince of Sui" (禭王). His princely title had subsequently been changed to "Prince of Lu" (潞王), then "Prince of Han" (韓王), and finally "Prince of Wei" (衛王). When Emperor Zhangzong died without a male heir in 1208, Wanyan Yongji was selected to be the new emperor.
During Wanyan Yongji's reign, the Mongols, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, had been planning to attack the Jin dynasty. The Mongols first attacked Western Xia, a vassal state under the Jin dynasty. When Western Xia requested aid from the Jin dynasty, Wanyan Yongji ignored them; Western Xia eventually surrendered to the Mongols. In 1211, the Mongols launched a full-scale invasion of the Jin dynasty and defeated the Jin armies in some small battles. In the ninth month, the Mongols besieged the Jin central capital, Zhongdu (中都; present-day Xicheng and Fengtai districts of Beijing), but were forced to retreat because of Zhongdu's strong defences. In 1212, the Mongols attacked the Jin dynasty and besieged the Jin western capital, Datong Prefecture (大同府; present-day Datong, Shanxi Province). In the same year, Yelü Liuge (耶律留哥), a Khitan, led a rebellion against the Jin dynasty in Jilin Province. The rebel movement gained thousands of followers within months. Yelü Liuge submitted to the Mongols and led the rebels to defeat a 600,000-strong Jin army in Dijinao'er (迪吉腦兒; near present-day Changtu County, Liaoning Province).
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