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Vanadium(V) oxytrichloride

Vanadium oxytrichloride
Ball and stick model of vanadium oxytrichloride
Impure vanadium oxytrichloride in a beaker
Names
IUPAC name
Vanadium trichloride oxide
Other names
  • Vanadyl chloride
  • Vanadyl trichloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.892
EC Number 231-780-2
MeSH trichlorooxo+vanadium
RTECS number YW2975000
UN number 2443
Properties
VOCl
3
Molar mass 173.300 g mol−1
Appearance yellow liquid
Density 1.826 g mL−1
Melting point −76.5 °C (−105.7 °F; 196.7 K)
Boiling point 126.7 °C (260.1 °F; 399.8 K)
Decomposes
Vapor pressure 1.84 kPa (at 20 °C)
Structure
Tetrahedral
Hazards
GHS pictograms The corrosion pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The skull-and-crossbones pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word DANGER
H301, H314
P280, P301+310, P305+351+338, P310
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oil Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gas Reactivity code 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g., fluorine Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 140 mg kg−1 (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related vanadiums
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Vanadium oxytrichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula VOCl3. This yellow distillable liquid hydrolyzes readily in air. It is an oxidant. It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis. Samples often appear red or orange owing to an impurity of vanadium tetrachloride.

VOCl3 is a vanadium compound with vanadium in the +5 oxidation state and as such is diamagnetic. It is tetrahedral with O-V-Cl bond angles of 111° and Cl-V-Cl bond angles of 108°. The V-O and V-Cl bond lengths are 157 and 214 pm, respectively. VOCl3 is highly reactive toward water and evolves HCl upon standing. It is soluble in nonpolar solvents such as benzene, CH2Cl2, and hexane. In some aspects, the chemical properties of VOCl3 and POCl3 are similar. One distinction is that VOCl3 is a strong oxidizing agent, whereas the phosphorus compound is not.

VOCl3 arises by the chlorination of V2O5. The reaction proceeds near 600 °C:

When the V2O5 is used as an intimate mixture with carbon, the synthesis proceeds at 200–400 °C; in this case the carbon serves as a deoxygenation agent akin to its use in the Kroll process for the manufacturing of TiCl4 from TiO2.

Vanadium(III) oxide can also be used as a precursor:

A more typical laboratory synthesis involves the chlorination of V2O5 using SOCl2.

Vanadium oxytrichloride quickly hydrolyzes resulting in vanadium pentoxide and hydrochloric acid. In the picture, orange V2O5 can be seen forming on the walls of the beaker. An intermediate in this process is VO2Cl:


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