United Kingdom general election, 1931

United Kingdom general election, 1931

1929 ← 27 October 1931 → 1935

outgoing members ← → elected members

All 615 seats to the House of Commons 308 seats needed for a majority Turnout 76.4% (0.1%)   First party Second party Third party   Leader Stanley Baldwin Arthur Henderson John Simon Party Conservative Labour Liberal National Leader since 23 May 1923 1 September 1931 5 October 1931 Leader's seat Bewdley Burnley (defeated) Spen Valley Last election 260 seats, 38.1% 287 seats, 37.1% N/A Seats won 470 52* 35 Seat change 210 225 N/A Popular vote 11,377,022 6,339,306 761,705 Percentage 55.0% 30.6% 3.7% Swing 16.9% 6.5% 3.7%   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Herbert Samuel Ramsay MacDonald David Lloyd George Party Liberal National Labour Independent Liberal Leader since October 1931 24 August 1931 1931 Leader's seat Darwen Seaham Caernarvon Boroughs Last election 59 seats, 23.6% N/A N/A Seats won 33 13 4 Seat change 26 N/A N/A Popular vote 1,346,571 316,741 106,106 Percentage 6.5% 1.5% 0.5% Swing 17.1% 1.5% 0.5%

* The Labour total includes six unendorsed candidates associated with the Independent Labour Party. Of these, three retook the Labour whip during the parliament. The ILP would contest the next two elections entirely separately from Labour.

PM before election Ramsay MacDonald Labour Subsequent PM Ramsay MacDonald National

1924 election • MPs

1929 election • MPs

1931 election • MPs

1935 election • MPs

1945 election • MPs

^* The Labour total includes six unendorsed candidates associated with the Independent Labour Party. Of these, three retook the Labour whip during the parliament. The ILP would contest the next two elections entirely separately from Labour.

Ramsay MacDonald
Labour

Ramsay MacDonald
National

The United Kingdom general election held on Tuesday 27 October 1931 saw a landslide election victory for the National Government which had been formed two months previously after the collapse of the previous Labour government. The bulk of the National Government's support came from the Conservative Party, and the Conservatives won 470 seats. The Labour party suffered its greatest defeat, losing four out of five seats compared with the previous election. The Liberal Party, split into three factions, continued to shrink and the Liberal National faction never reunited. Ivor Bulmer-Thomas said the results "were the most astonishing in the history of the British party system". It was the last election where one party (the Conservatives) received an absolute majority of the votes cast and the last UK general election not to take place on a Thursday.

After battling with the Great Depression for two years, Ramsay MacDonald's Labour government had been faced with a sudden budget crisis in August 1931. The cabinet deadlocked over its response, with several influential members such as Arthur Henderson unwilling to support the budget cuts (in particular a cut in the rate of unemployment benefit) which were pressed by the civil service and opposition parties. Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Snowden refused to consider deficit spending or tariffs as alternative solutions. When the government resigned, MacDonald was encouraged by King George V to form an all-party National Government to deal with the immediate crisis.

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Wikipedia