Ramsay MacDonald
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The Right Honourable Ramsay MacDonald FRS |
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| Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | |
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In office 5 June 1929 – 7 June 1935 |
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| Monarch | George V |
| Preceded by | Stanley Baldwin |
| Succeeded by | Stanley Baldwin |
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In office 22 January 1924 – 4 November 1924 |
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| Monarch | George V |
| Preceded by | Stanley Baldwin |
| Succeeded by | Stanley Baldwin |
| Leader of the Opposition | |
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In office 4 November 1924 – 5 June 1929 |
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| Monarch | George V |
| Prime Minister | Stanley Baldwin |
| Preceded by | Stanley Baldwin |
| Succeeded by | Stanley Baldwin |
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In office 21 November 1922 – 22 January 1924 |
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| Monarch | George V |
| Prime Minister |
Bonar Law Stanley Baldwin |
| Preceded by | H. H. Asquith |
| Succeeded by | Stanley Baldwin |
| Leader of the Labour Party | |
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In office 22 November 1922 – 1 September 1931 |
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| Deputy | John Robert Clynes |
| Preceded by | John Robert Clynes |
| Succeeded by | Arthur Henderson |
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In office 6 February 1911 – 5 August 1914 |
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| Chief Whip |
George Henry Roberts Arthur Henderson |
| Preceded by | George Nicoll Barnes |
| Succeeded by | Arthur Henderson |
| Lord President of the Council | |
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In office 7 June 1935 – 28 May 1937 |
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| Prime Minister | Stanley Baldwin |
| Preceded by | Stanley Baldwin |
| Succeeded by | The Viscount Halifax |
| Leader of the House of Commons | |
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In office 5 June 1929 – 7 June 1935 |
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| Preceded by | Stanley Baldwin |
| Succeeded by | Stanley Baldwin |
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In office 22 January 1924 – 3 November 1924 |
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| Preceded by | Stanley Baldwin |
| Succeeded by | Stanley Baldwin |
| Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs | |
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In office 22 January 1924 – 3 November 1924 |
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| Preceded by | The Marquess Curzon |
| Succeeded by | Austen Chamberlain |
| Member of Parliament for the Combined Scottish Universities |
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In office 31 January 1936 – 9 November 1937 |
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| Preceded by | Noel Skelton |
| Succeeded by | Sir John Anderson |
| Member of Parliament for Seaham |
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In office 30 May 1929 – 14 November 1935 |
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| Preceded by | Sidney Webb |
| Succeeded by | Emanuel Shinwell |
| Member of Parliament for Aberavon |
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In office 15 November 1922 – 30 May 1929 |
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| Preceded by | John Edwards |
| Succeeded by | William Cove |
| Member of Parliament for Leicester with Henry Broadhurst (to March 1906) with Franklin Thomasson (1906–1910) with Eliot Crawshay-Williams (1910–1913) with Sir Gordon Hewart (1913–1918) |
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In office 8 February 1906 – 14 December 1918 |
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| Preceded by |
John Rolleston Henry Broadhurst |
| Succeeded by | Sir Gordon Hewart (Leicester East) |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
James MacDonald Ramsay 12 October 1866 Lossiemouth, Morayshire, Scotland, UK |
| Died | 9 November 1937 (aged 71) Atlantic Ocean, (on holiday aboard the ocean liner Reina del Pacifico) |
| Resting place | Spynie Cemetery, Morayshire |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party |
Labour (until 1931) National Labour (from 1931) |
| Spouse(s) | Margaret Gladstone (m. 1896; her death 1911) |
| Children | 6 |
| Residence | 10 Downing Street |
| Alma mater | Birkbeck, University of London |
| Profession | Journalist |
| Religion | Free Church of Scotland |
| Signature |  |
James Ramsay MacDonald, FRS (12 October 1866 – 9 November 1937) was a British statesman who was the first Labour Party Prime Minister, leading Labour governments in 1924, 1929–1931 and, having been expelled from the party he had helped to found, a National Government from 1931 to 1935.
Historians credit MacDonald, along with Keir Hardie and Arthur Henderson, as one of the three principal founders of the Labour Party. His speeches, pamphlets and books made him an important theoretician, but he played an even more important role as Leader of the Labour Party. He entered Parliament in 1906 and was the Chairman of the Labour MPs from 1911 to 1914. He was widely denounced for his opposition to the First World War, and he lost his seat in 1918. The antiwar mood of the 1920s led to his rehabilitation in the 1920s and he returned to Parliament in 1922, as his party replaced the Liberal Party as the second-largest party.
The first Labour government—formed with Liberal support—in 1924 lasted only nine months but demonstrated that the Labour Party was sufficiently competent to run a government. MacDonald was widely applauded for his moderation and his support of the League of Nations, but Labour was defeated at the 1924 General Election, partly as a result of the fallout from the Campbell case.
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