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Ulysses Grant

General of the Army
Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant 1870-1880.jpg
Grant during the mid-1870s
18th President of the United States
In office
March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877
Vice President
Preceded by Andrew Johnson
Succeeded by Rutherford B. Hayes
6th Commanding General of the United States Army
In office
March 9, 1864 – March 4, 1869
President Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
Preceded by Henry W. Halleck
Succeeded by William Tecumseh Sherman
Personal details
Born Hiram Ulysses Grant
(1822-04-27)April 27, 1822
Point Pleasant, Ohio, U.S.
Died July 23, 1885(1885-07-23) (aged 63)
Wilton, New York, U.S.
Resting place General Grant National Memorial
Manhattan, New York
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) Julia Dent (m. 1848)
Children Frederick, Ulysses Jr., Nellie, and Jesse
Alma mater United States Military Academy
Occupation soldier, politician
Signature Cursive signature in ink
Military service
Allegiance  United States of America
Service/branch  United States Army
Union Army
Years of service 1839–1854
1861–1869
Rank US Army General insignia (1866).svg General of the Army
Commands
Battles/wars Mexican–American War
American Civil War
The Grant Cabinet
Office Name Term
President Ulysses S. Grant 1869–1877
Vice President Schuyler Colfax 1869–1873
Henry Wilson 1873–1875
None 1875–1877
Secretary of State Elihu B. Washburne 1869
Hamilton Fish 1869–1877
Secretary of Treasury George S. Boutwell 1869–1873
William A. Richardson 1873–1874
Benjamin H. Bristow 1874–1876
Lot M. Morrill 1876–1877
Secretary of War John A. Rawlins 1869
William W. Belknap 1869–1876
Alphonso Taft 1876
J. Donald Cameron 1876–1877
Attorney General Ebenezer R. Hoar 1869–1870
Amos T. Akerman 1870–1871
George H. Williams 1871–1875
Edwards Pierrepont 1875–1876
Alphonso Taft 1876–1877
Postmaster General John A. J. Creswell 1869–1874
James W. Marshall 1874
Marshall Jewell 1874–1876
James N. Tyner 1876–1877
Secretary of the Navy Adolph E. Borie 1869
George M. Robeson 1869–1877
Secretary of the Interior Jacob D. Cox 1869–1870
Columbus Delano 1870–1875
Zachariah Chandler 1875–1877

Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States (1869–77). Previously, as Commanding General of the United States Army (1864–69), Grant had worked closely with President Abraham Lincoln to lead the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy, in the American Civil War. As president, Grant implemented Congressional Reconstruction, often at odds with Lincoln's successor, Andrew Johnson. Twice elected president, Grant led the Republicans in their effort to remove the vestiges of Confederate nationalism and slavery, protect African-American citizenship, and supported unbridled industrial expansionism during the Gilded Age.

Grant graduated in 1843 from the United States Military Academy at West Point, then served in the Mexican–American War and initially retired in 1854. He struggled financially in civilian life. When the Civil War began in 1861, he rejoined the U.S. Army. In 1862, Grant took control of Kentucky and most of Tennessee, and led Union forces to victory in the Battle of Shiloh, earning a reputation as an aggressive commander. He incorporated displaced African American slaves into the Union war effort. In July 1863, after a series of coordinated battles, Grant defeated Confederate armies and seized Vicksburg, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River and dividing the Confederacy in two. After his victories in the Chattanooga Campaign, Lincoln promoted him to lieutenant-general and Commanding General of the United States Army in March 1864. Grant confronted Robert E. Lee in a series of bloody battles, trapping Lee's army in their defense of Richmond. Grant coordinated a series of devastating campaigns in other theaters, as well. In April 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, effectively ending the war. Historians have hailed Grant's military genius, and his strategies are featured in military history textbooks, but a minority contend that he won by brute force rather than superior strategy.


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