John A. Rawlins
| John Aaron Rawlins | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 29th United States Secretary of War | |
|
In office March 13, 1869 – September 6, 1869 |
|
| President | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Preceded by | John M. Schofield |
| Succeeded by | William W. Belknap |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
February 13, 1831 Galena, Illinois |
| Died | September 6, 1869 (aged 38) Washington, D.C. |
| Resting place | Arlington National Cemetery |
| Political party | Democratic; Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Emily Smith Rawlins (1833–1861) his 1st wife Mary Emeline "Emma" Hurlburt Rawlins (1840–1874) 2nd wife |
| Children | Mary Rawlins James Bradner Rawlins Jane Lovisa Rawlins Holman Emily Smith Rawlins Wait Willie Rawlins Violet Rawlins |
| Profession | Lawyer, General, Politician |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Service/branch |
United States Army Union Army |
| Years of service | 1861–1869 |
| Rank |
 Brigadier General Brevet Major General
|
| Battles/wars | American Civil War |
John Aaron Rawlins (February 13, 1831 – September 6, 1869) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War and a cabinet officer in the Grant administration. A longtime confidant of Ulysses S. Grant, Rawlins served on Grant's staff throughout the war, rising to the rank of brevet major general, and was Grant's chief defender against allegations of insobriety. He was appointed Secretary of War when Grant was elected President of the United States.
Rawlins was a self-made man who overcame an impoverished family background, scanty education, and an absentee father who was prone to drink. After studying law, Rawlins passed the bar in 1854 and started a law practice in Galena, Illinois. He was a Douglas Democrat at the outbreak of the Civil War; a noted public speaker, he gave a pro-Union speech at the start of hostilities, and he soon became close friends with Ulysses S. Grant, a Galena resident, United States Military Academy graduate, and Mexican–American War veteran who had served in the Army for 11 years. Rawlins persuaded Grant to drill and muster a local volunteer militia company and send them to the state capital in Springfield so they could be inducted into federal service. After brief service in the Illinois militia as a mustering officer, Grant was soon recommissioned in the Army to serve under Union General John C. Frémont, commander of Union Army forces in the western United States. Rawlins also joined the Union Army and served primarily as an officer on Grant's staff; his promotions were linked to Grant's success on the battlefields and Grant's advancement in the Union Army under President Abraham Lincoln. Rawlins contracted tuberculosis in 1863, but continued to serve on Grant's staff during Reconstruction.
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