Tudor Ireland

Kingdom of Ireland
Ríoghacht Éireann
Client state of England (1542–1707) Client state of Great Britain (1707–1800)
1542–1800 1652–60: Commonwealth
Royal standard Coat of arms1
Location of the Kingdom of Ireland in 1789
Capital		Dublin 53°21′N 6°16′W / 53.350°N 6.267°W / 53.350; -6.267
Languages		Irish, English
Religion		Anglican (state-official) Catholic (majority) Presbyterian Judaism
Government		Monarchy
King
•	1542–1547	Henry VIII (first)
•	1760–1800	George III (last)
Lord Lieutenant
•	1542–1548	Anthony St Leger (first)
•	1798–1800	Charles Cornwallis (last)
Chief Secretary
•	1660	Matthew Locke (first)
•	1798–1800	Robert Stewart (last)
Legislature		Parliament
•	Upper house	House of Lords
•	Lower house	House of Commons
History
•	Crown of Ireland Act	1542
•	Confederate Wars	1642–1652
•	Commonwealth	1652–1660
•	Legislative independence	1782–1800
•	Act of Union	1 January 1801
Area
•	1700–1800	84,421 km2 (32,595 sq mi)
Population
•	1700 est.	3,000,000
Density		36/km2 (92/sq mi)
•	1800 est.	5,500,000
Density		65/km2 (169/sq mi)
Currency		Irish pound
Preceded by Succeeded by Lordship of Ireland Gaelic Ireland United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Today part of		Ireland  United Kingdom
1 See coat of arms regarding use of a crowned harp as the arms of Ireland. Although numerous flags of Ireland existed during the period, the Kingdom of Ireland had no official flag. See List of flags of Ireland.

The Kingdom of Ireland (Classical Irish: Ríoghacht Éireann; Modern Irish: Ríocht Éireann) was a client state of the Kingdom of England that existed on Ireland from 1542 until 1800. It came into being when the Parliament of Ireland passed the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 and proclaimed King Henry VIII of England as King of Ireland. The territory of the Kingdom had previously had the status of a lordship of the Crown.

The Parliament of Ireland passed the Acts of Union 1800 by which it abolished itself and the Kingdom. The act was also passed by the Parliament of Great Britain. The act also had the effect of establishing the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on the first day of 1801 by uniting the Crowns of Ireland and of Great Britain. In its early years, the Kingdom of Ireland had limited recognition. While some Protestant powers in Europe recognised Henry and his heir Edward as monarch of Ireland, no Catholic power did so. Henry's daughter, Queen Mary I of England, was recognised as Queen of Ireland by Pope Paul IV in 1555.

The papal bull Laudabiliter of Pope Adrian IV was issued in 1155. It granted the Angevin King Henry II of England the title Dominus Hibernae (Latin for "Lord of Ireland"). Laudabiliter authorised the king to invade Ireland, to bring the country into the European sphere. In return, Henry was required to remit a penny per hearth of the tax roll to the Pope. This was reconfirmed by Adrian's successor Pope Alexander III in 1172.