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Tsardom of Poland

Kingdom of Poland
Królestwo Polskie (Polish)
Царство Польское (Russian)
Tsarstvo Polskoye
1815–1867 or 1915
Flag Coat of arms
Motto
Z nami Bóg!
"God is with us!"
Anthem
Pieśń narodowa za pomyślność króla
"National Song to the King's Well-being"
Map of Congress Poland, circa 1815, following the Congress of Vienna. The Russian Empire is shown in light green.
Capital Warsaw
Languages Polish, Russian
Religion Roman Catholicism
Government Constitutional monarchy
King
 •  1815–1825 Alexander I
 •  1825–1855 Nicholas I
 •  1855–1881 Alexander II
 •  1881–1894 Alexander III
 •  1894–1915 Nicholas II
Namiestnik-Viceroy
 •  1815–1826 Józef Zajączek (first)
 •  1914–1915 Pavel Yengalychev (last)
Legislature Sejm
 •  Upper house Senate
 •  Lower house Chamber of Deputies
History
 •  Established 9 June 1815
 •  Constitution adopted 27 November 1815
 •  November Uprising 29 November 1830
 •  January Uprising 23 January 1863
 •  Collapsed 1867 or 1915
Area
 •  1815 128,500 km² (49,614 sq mi)
Population
 •  1815 est. 3,200,000 
     Density 24.9 /km²  (64.5 /sq mi)
 •  1897 est. 9,402,253 
Currency
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Duchy of Warsaw
Vistula Land

The Kingdom of Poland, informally known as Congress Poland or Russian Poland, was created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a sovereign state of the Russian part of Poland connected by personal union with the Russian Empire under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland until 1832. Then, it was gradually politically integrated into Russia over the course of the 19th century, made an official part of the Russian Empire in 1867, and finally replaced during the Great War by the Central Powers in 1915 with the theoretically existing Regency Kingdom of Poland.

Though officially the Kingdom of Poland was a state with considerable political autonomy guaranteed by a liberal constitution, its rulers, the Russian Emperors, generally disregarded any restrictions on their power. Thus effectively it was little more than a puppet state of the Russian Empire. The autonomy was severely curtailed following uprisings in 1830–31 and 1863, as the country became governed by namiestniks, and later divided into guberniya (provinces). Thus from the start, Polish autonomy remained little more than fiction.

The territory of the Kingdom of Poland roughly corresponds to the Kalisz Region and the Lublin, Łódź, Masovian, Podlaskie and Świętokrzyskie Voivodeships of Poland.


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Wikipedia

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