Toungoo Dynasty
| Toungoo Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| တောင်ငူမင်းဆက် | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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.png) Toungoo Empire at its greatest extent (1580)
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| Capital |
Toungoo (Taungoo) (1510–39) Pegu (Bago) (1539–99) Ava (Inwa) (1599–1613) Pegu (1613–35) Ava (1635–1752) |
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| Languages | Official Burmese |
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| Religion | Official Theravada Buddhism Minority
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| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| King | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1530–50 | Tabinshwehti | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1550–81 | Bayinnaung | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1605–28 | Anaukpetlun | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1629–48 | Thalun | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1733–52 | Mahadhammaraza Dipadi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legislature | Hluttaw | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Founding of dynasty | 1485 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Independence from Ava | 16 October 1510 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | First Toungoo Empire | 1510–99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Restored Toungoo Empire | 1599–1752 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | End of dynasty | 23 March 1752 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1580 | 1,550,000 km² (598,458 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1650 | 750,000 km² (289,577 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1580 est. | 6,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density | 3.9 /km² (10 /sq mi) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | 1650 est. | 3,000,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density | 4 /km² (10.4 /sq mi) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency | ganza kyat and silver kyat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Today part of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Toungoo Dynasty (Burmese: တောင်ငူမင်းဆက်, [tàʊɴŋù mɪ́ɴ zɛʔ]; also spelled Taungoo Dynasty) was the ruling dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from the mid-16th century to 1752. Its early kings Tabinshwehti and Bayinnaung succeeded in reunifying the territories of the Pagan Kingdom for the first time since 1287 and in incorporating the Shan States for the first time. At its peak, the First Toungoo Empire also included Manipur, Chinese Shan States, Siam, and Lan Xang. But the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia collapsed in the 18 years following Bayinnaung's death in 1581.
The dynasty quickly regrouped under the leadership of Nyaungyan Min and his son, Anaukpetlun, who succeeded in restoring a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Burma, Upper Burma, Shan States and Lan Na by 1622. The Restored Toungoo kings, now based in Ava (Inwa), created a legal and political system whose basic features would continue under the Konbaung Dynasty well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years.
The kingdom entered a gradual decline due to the "palace rule" of its kings. Starting from the 1720s, the kingdom was beset with pesky raids by the Meitei people of the Chindwin River and a nagging rebellion in Chiang Mai. Raids by the Meitei intensified in the 1730s, reaching increasingly deeper parts of central Burma. In 1740, the Mon people in Lower Burma began a rebellion, founding the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. The Hanthawaddy armies captured Inwa in 1752 and ended the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.
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Wikipedia