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Toungoo Dynasty

Toungoo Dynasty
တောင်ငူမင်းဆက်
1510–1752
Toungoo Empire at its greatest extent (1580)
Capital Toungoo (Taungoo) (1510–39)
Pegu (Bago) (1539–99)
Ava (Inwa) (1599–1613)
Pegu (1613–35)
Ava (1635–1752)
Languages Official
Burmese
Religion Official
Theravada Buddhism
Government Monarchy
King
 •  1530–50 Tabinshwehti
 •  1550–81 Bayinnaung
 •  1605–28 Anaukpetlun
 •  1629–48 Thalun
 •  1733–52 Mahadhammaraza Dipadi
Legislature Hluttaw
History
 •  Founding of dynasty 1485
 •  Independence from Ava 16 October 1510
 •  First Toungoo Empire 1510–99
 •  Restored Toungoo Empire 1599–1752
 •  End of dynasty 23 March 1752
Area
 •  1580 1,550,000 km² (598,458 sq mi)
 •  1650 750,000 km² (289,577 sq mi)
Population
 •  1580 est. 6,000,000 
     Density 3.9 /km²  (10 /sq mi)
 •  1650 est. 3,000,000 
     Density 4 /km²  (10.4 /sq mi)
Currency ganza kyat and silver kyat
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Ava Kingdom
Hanthawaddy Kingdom
Shan states
Lan Na
Siam
Lan Xang
Manipur
Konbaung Dynasty
Siam
Lan Xang
Manipur
Today part of

The Toungoo Dynasty (Burmese: တောင်ငူမင်းဆက်, [tàʊɴŋù mɪ́ɴ zɛʔ]; also spelled Taungoo Dynasty) was the ruling dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from the mid-16th century to 1752. Its early kings Tabinshwehti and Bayinnaung succeeded in reunifying the territories of the Pagan Kingdom for the first time since 1287 and in incorporating the Shan States for the first time. At its peak, the First Toungoo Empire also included Manipur, Chinese Shan States, Siam, and Lan Xang. But the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia collapsed in the 18 years following Bayinnaung's death in 1581.

The dynasty quickly regrouped under the leadership of Nyaungyan Min and his son, Anaukpetlun, who succeeded in restoring a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Burma, Upper Burma, Shan States and Lan Na by 1622. The Restored Toungoo kings, now based in Ava (Inwa), created a legal and political system whose basic features would continue under the Konbaung Dynasty well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years.

The kingdom entered a gradual decline due to the "palace rule" of its kings. Starting from the 1720s, the kingdom was beset with pesky raids by the Meitei people of the Chindwin River and a nagging rebellion in Chiang Mai. Raids by the Meitei intensified in the 1730s, reaching increasingly deeper parts of central Burma. In 1740, the Mon people in Lower Burma began a rebellion, founding the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. The Hanthawaddy armies captured Inwa in 1752 and ended the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.


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