Tin tetrachloride
|
|||
|
|||
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
IUPAC names
Tetrachlorostannane
Tin tetrachloride Tin(IV) chloride |
|||
| Other names
Stannic chloride
|
|||
| Identifiers | |||
|
|||
|
3D model (Jmol)
|
|||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.717 | ||
| EC Number | 231-588-9 | ||
|
PubChem CID
|
|||
| RTECS number | XP8750000 | ||
| UN number | 1827 | ||
|
|||
|
|||
| Properties | |||
| SnCl4 | |||
| Molar mass | 260.50 g/mol (anhydrous) 350.60 g/mol (pentahydrate) |
||
| Appearance | colorless to slightly yellow fuming liquid | ||
| Odor | acrid | ||
| Density | 2.226 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.04 g/cm3 (pentahydrate) |
||
| Melting point | −34.07 °C (−29.33 °F; 239.08 K) (anhydrous) 56 °C (133 °F; 329 K) (pentahydrate) |
||
| Boiling point | 114.15 °C (237.47 °F; 387.30 K) | ||
| decomposes (anhydrous) very soluble (pentahydrate) |
|||
| Solubility | soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, acetone, kerosene, CCl4, methanol, gasoline, CS2 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 2.4 kPa | ||
| −115·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
|
Refractive index (nD)
|
1.512 | ||
| Structure | |||
| monoclinic (P21/c) | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Safety data sheet | ICSC 0953 | ||
|
EU classification (DSD)
|
Corrosive (C) | ||
| R-phrases | R34, R52/53 | ||
| S-phrases | (S1/2), S7/8, S26, S45, S61 | ||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Related compounds | |||
|
Other anions
|
Tin(IV) fluoride Tin(IV) bromide Tin(IV) iodide |
||
|
Other cations
|
Carbon tetrachloride Silicon tetrachloride Germanium tetrachloride Tin(II) chloride Lead(IV) chloride |
||
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
|||
 (what is   ?) |
|||
| Infobox references | |||
_chloride.jpg)
_chloride_pentahydrate.jpg)
-chlorid.svg)
Tin(IV) chloride, also known as tin tetrachloride or stannic chloride is a inorganic compound with the formula SnCl4. At room temperature it is a colourless liquid, which fumes on contact with air, giving a stinging odor. It is used as precursor to other tin compounds. It was first discovered by Andreas Libavius (1550–1616) and was known as spiritus fumans libavii.
It is prepared from reaction of chlorine gas with elemental tin at 115 °C (239 °F).
Anhydrous tin(IV) chloride solidifies at −33 °C to give monoclinic crystals with the P21/c space group; making it isostructural to solidified SnBr4. Within this the molecules adopt near perfect tetrahedral symmetry with average Sn–Cl distances of 227.9(3) pm.
Several forms of hydrated tin tetrachloride are known. They all consist of [SnCl4(H2O)2] molecules together with varying amouts of water of crystallization. The additional water molecules link together the molecules of [SnCl4(H2O)2] through hydrogen bonds. Although the pentahydrate is most common of the hydrates, lower hydrates have also been characterised.
Anhydrous tin(IV) chloride is a Lewis acid. It forms adducts with ammonia, organophosphines, and other Lewis bases. When mixed with a small amount of water a semi-solid crystalline mass of the pentahydrate, SnCl4·5H2O is formed. This solid was formerly known as butter of tin. With hydrochloric acid the complex [SnCl6]2− is formed making the so-called hexachlorostannic acid.
Anhydrous tin(IV) chloride is a major precursor in organotin chemistry. Upon treatment with Grignard reagents, tin(IV) chloride gives tetraalkyltin compounds:
...
Wikipedia