Third Battle of Gaza

Third Battle of Gaza
Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
Map of Gaza with attacks on 1 and 2 November
Date 1–2 November 1917 Location Gaza, southern Palestine Result Decisive British empire victory Ottoman garrison abandons Gaza on 7 November as a result of fighting during the Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe and the Battle of Hareira and Sheria
Belligerents
British Empire  Australia  New Zealand India  France Italy	Ottoman Empire  German Empire
Commanders and leaders
Edmund Allenby Edward Bulfin	Erich von Falkenhayn Kress von Kressenstein
Units involved
XXI Corps	Eighth Army Yildirim Army Group
Strength
10,000/35,913	4,500/8,000
Casualties and losses
2,696	1,000+ buried, 300 captured

Decisive British empire victory

 British Empire

The Third Battle of Gaza was fought on the night of 1/2 November 1917 between British and Ottoman forces during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I, and came after the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) victory at the Battle of Beersheba had ended the Stalemate in Southern Palestine. The fighting occurred at the beginning of the Southern Palestine Offensive, and together with attacks on Hareira and Sheria on 6–7 November and the continuing Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe which had been launched by General Edmund Allenby on 1 November, it eventually broke the Gaza to Beersheba line defended by the Yildirim Army Group. Despite having held this line since March 1917, the Ottoman Army was forced to evacuate Gaza and Tel el Khuweilfe during the night of 6/7 November. Only Sheria held out for most of the 7 November before it too was captured.

Following British defeats at the First and Second Battles of Gaza in March and April 1917, Lieutenant General Philip Chetwode commanding the EEF's Eastern Force and Kress von Kressenstein's Ottoman Empire force had each adopted a defensive posture and a stalemate had developed in Southern Palestine. Entrenched defences approximately on the lines held at the end of the second battle were strengthened, and both sides undertook regular mounted reconnaissances into the open eastern flank. In late June, Allenby replaced General Archibald Murray as commander of the EEF, which he quickly reorganised. At about the same time, the Ottoman Fourth Army was also restructured. As the stalemate continued in terrible conditions through the summer, reinforcements began to arrive to replace the large number of casualties suffered by the EEF during the previous fighting for Gaza, while several additional divisions also arrived. The Ottoman defenders were also reinforced at this time, and both sides carried out training while manning the front lines and monitoring the open eastern flank. By mid-October, as the Battle of Passchendaele continued on the Western Front, the last of the British reinforcements arrived as Allenby's preparations to commence a campaign of manoeuvre neared completion.

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