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Theodore Herzl

Theodor Herzl
Theodor Herzl.jpg
Theodor Herzl
Born Benjamin Ze'ev Herzl
(1860-05-02)May 2, 1860
Pest, Kingdom of Hungary
Died July 3, 1904(1904-07-03) (aged 44)
Edlach, Austria-Hungary
Resting place 1904–1949: Döblinger Friedhof, Vienna, Austria
1949–present: Mt. Herzl, Jerusalem
31°46′26″N 35°10′50″E / 31.77389°N 35.18056°E / 31.77389; 35.18056
Residence Vienna
Citizenship Austria-Hungary
Education Law
Alma mater University of Vienna
Occupation Journalist, playwright, writer, political activist
Known for Father of modern political Zionism
Spouse(s) Julie Naschauer (m. 1889–1904)
Signature
Theodore Herzl signature.svg

Theodor Herzl (Hebrew: תאודור הֶרְצֵלTe'odor Hertsel, Hungarian: Herzl Tivadar; May 2, 1860 – July 3, 1904), born Benjamin Ze'ev Herzl (Hebrew: בִּנְיָמִין זְאֵב הֶרְצֵלBinyamin Ze'ev Hertsel), also known in Hebrew as חוֹזֵה הַמְדִינָה‎, Chozeh HaMedinah (lit. "Visionary of the State") was an Austro-Hungarian journalist, playwright, political activist, and writer who was one of the fathers of modern political Zionism. Herzl formed the World Zionist Organization and promoted Jewish migration to Palestine in an effort to form a Jewish state. Though he died long before its establishment, he is generally considered a father of the State of Israel, formed in 1948.

While Herzl is often referred to as the first major Zionist activist, scholars such as Yehuda Bibas, Zvi Hirsch Kalischer and Judah Alkalai were promoting Zionist ideas before him.

Herzl is specifically mentioned in the Israeli Declaration of Independence.

He was born in Pest (now eastern part of Budapest), Kingdom of Hungary (now Hungary), to a secular Jewish family. His father's family were originally from Zimony (today Zemun, Serbia). He was the second child of Jeanette and Jakob Herzl, who were German-speaking, assimilated Jews.


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