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Thau lagoon

Étang de Thau
Thau Lagoon
Étang de Thau, Sète, Hérault 02.jpg
From Sète
Location Languedoc-Roussillon
Coordinates 43°24′36″N 3°37′27″E / 43.41000°N 3.62417°E / 43.41000; 3.62417Coordinates: 43°24′36″N 3°37′27″E / 43.41000°N 3.62417°E / 43.41000; 3.62417
Type lagoon
Basin countries France
Max. length 21 km (13 mi)
Max. width 8 km (5.0 mi)
Surface area 7,012 ha (17,330 acres)
Average depth 4 m (13 ft)
Max. depth 30 m (98 ft)
Surface elevation 0 m (0 ft)
Settlements Marseillan, Mèze, Bouzigues, Balaruc-les-Bains, Sète

Étang de Thau (French pronunciation: ​[etɑ̃ də to]; Occitan: Estanh de Taur) or Bassin de Thau is the largest of a string of lagoons (étangs) that stretch along the French coast from the Rhône River to the foothills of the Pyrenees and the border to Spain in the Languedoc-Roussillon. Although it has a high salinity, it is considered the second largest lake in France.

It is about 21 km long and 8 km wide, with an area of 7,012 hectares. The mean depth of the lagoon is 4.5m, but in the central navigation channel it can be 10 metres deep. Near Bouzigues there is a 100-metre diameter depression of 30 metres. This 'Fosse de la Vise' is the source of a hot spring that feeds the spa in Balaruc.

Its size and depth, which distinguish it from other lagoons of the region, is explained by the geomorphology of the region: it is the anticline formed from folding which produced the corresponding syncline of the Gardiole in the north east.

Until relatively recently the lagoons from Marseillan to the Rhône were a continuous stretch of inland waterway. Early settlers described this as 'une petite mer intérieure et tranquille'. It provided access to, in particular, Marseillan - a fishing village that became a trade centre.

Linked, now, by the Canal du Rhône à Sète to the river Rhône and by the Canal du Midi to Bordeaux via Toulouse, the lagoon also has access to the Mediterranean at Sète. There is also a small canal 'le canal des Allemands' or the 'pisse-saume' that links the western end to the sea at Marseillan Plage. This canal is only suitable for small craft since both road and railway bridges restrict height.


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