Syria Vilayet
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ولايت سوريه Vilâyet-i Sûriye Arabic: ولاية سوريا |
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| Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire | |||||
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| Capital | Damascus | ||||
| History | |||||
| • | Established | 1865 | |||
| • | Disestablished | 1918 | |||
| Population | |||||
| • | 1897 | 701,812 | |||
| Today part of |
 Syria Jordan Lebanon Israel
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The Vilayet of Syria (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت سوريه, Vilâyet-i Suriye), also known as Vilayet of Damascus, was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire.
At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of 24,009 square miles (62,180 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,000,000. The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.
In 1864, the "Vilayet Law" was promulgated. The new provincial law was implemented in Damascus in 1865, and the reformed province was named Suriyya/Suriye, reflecting a growing historical consciousness among the local intellectuals. Jerusalem was separated from the rest of the province, and made into an independent sanjak of Jerusalem that reported directly to Istanbul, rather than Damascus. Mount Lebanon had been similarly made into a self-governing mutesarrifate in 1864.
In 1872, a new administrative region was created, with its center in Ma'an, but the costs for the new administrative unit far outweighed the revenues, and it was closed the following year. In 1884, the governor of Damascus made a proposal to establish a new vilayet of southern Syria, though nothing came out of this.
In 1888, a vilayet of Beirut was formed from the vilayet of Syria. In May 1892 another proposal was made for a regional government centred in Ma'an, which was approved in August. In mid-1895, the centre of this mutasarrifiyya was moved to Karak, marking the southernmost extent of Ottoman rule in the vilayet of Syria.
As of 1927, the Vilayet Syria was divided into four sanjaks: Damascus, Hama, Hauran and Karak. The Vilayet's capital was Damascus.
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