Summer Palace
| Summer Palace | |
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The Summer Palace in Beijing
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| Location | Beijing, China |
| Coordinates | 39°59′51.00″N 116°16′8.04″E / 39.9975000°N 116.2689000°ECoordinates: 39°59′51.00″N 116°16′8.04″E / 39.9975000°N 116.2689000°E |
| Official name: Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing | |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, ii, iii |
| Designated | 1998 (22nd session) |
| Reference no. | 880 |
| Region | Asia-Pacific |
| Summer Palace | |||||||||||||||
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"Summer Palace" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
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| Simplified Chinese | 颐和园 | ||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 頤和園 | ||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Garden of Preserving Harmony" | ||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Yíhéyuán |
| Wade–Giles | I2-ho2-yüan2 |
| IPA | [ǐ.xɤ̌.y̯ɛ̌n] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Yìh-wòh-yùhn |
The Summer Palace (Chinese: 頤和園; pinyin: Yíhéyuán), is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens and palaces in Beijing, China. It serves as a popular tourist destination and recreational park. Mainly dominated by Longevity Hill (万寿山; 萬壽山; Wànshòu Shān) and Kunming Lake (昆明湖; Kūnmíng Hú), it covers an expanse of 2.9 square kilometres (1.1 sq mi), three-quarters of which is water.
Longevity Hill is about 60 metres (200 feet) high and has many buildings positioned in sequence. The front hill is rich with splendid halls and pavilions, while the back hill, in sharp contrast, is quiet with natural beauty. The central Kunming Lake, covering 2.2 square kilometres (540 acres), was entirely man-made and the excavated soil was used to build Longevity Hill.
In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List. It declared the Summer Palace "a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. The natural landscape of hills and open water is combined with artificial features such as pavilions, halls, palaces, temples and bridges to form a harmonious ensemble of outstanding aesthetic value".
The origins of the Summer Palace date back to the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty in 1153, when the fourth ruler, Wanyan Liang (r. 1150–1161), moved the Jin capital from Huining Prefecture (in present-day Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang) to Yanjing (present-day Beijing). He ordered the construction of a palace in the Fragrant Hills and Jade Spring Hill in the northwest of Beijing.
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