Sulfuryl chloride

Sulfuryl chloride

Names
IUPAC name Sulfuryl chloride
Other names Sulfonyl chloride Sulfuric chloride Sulfur dichloride dioxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	7791-25-5 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:29291 Y
ChemSpider	23050 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.314
EC Number	232-245-6
PubChem CID	24648
InChI InChI=1S/Cl2O2S/c1-5(2,3)4 Y Key: YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/Cl2O2S/c1-5(2,3)4 Key: YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYAD
SMILES ClS(Cl)(=O)=O
Properties
Chemical formula	SO2Cl2
Molar mass	134.9698 g mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Yellows upon standing.
Density	1.67 g cm−3 (20 °C)
Melting point	−54.1 °C (−65.4 °F; 219.1 K)
Boiling point	69.4 °C (156.9 °F; 342.5 K)
Solubility in water	hydrolyzes
Solubility	miscible with benzene, toluene, chloroform, CCl4, glacial acetic acid
Refractive index (nD)	1.4437 (20 °C)
Hazards
EU classification (DSD)	Corrosive (C)
R-phrases	R14, R34, R37
S-phrases	(S1/2), S26, S30, S45
NFPA 704	0 3 2 W
Flash point	Not flammable
Related compounds
Related sulfuryl halides	Sulfuryl fluoride
Related compounds	Thionyl chloride Chlorosulfonic acid Sulfuric acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Sulfuryl chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula SO₂Cl₂. At room temperature, it is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Sulfuryl chloride is not found in nature, as can be inferred from its rapid hydrolysis.

Sulfuryl chloride is commonly confused with thionyl chloride, SOCl₂. The properties of these two sulfur oxychlorides are quite different: sulfuryl chloride is a source of chlorine whereas thionyl chloride is a source of chloride ions. An alternative IUPAC name is sulfuroyl dichloride.

Sulfur is tetrahedral in SO₂Cl₂, being bound to two oxygen atoms via polarized double bonds (whichorbitals) and to two chlorine atoms via polarized single bonds. The oxidation state of the sulfur atom is +6, as in H₂SO₄.

SO₂Cl₂ is prepared by the reaction of sulfur dioxide and chlorine in the presence of a catalyst, such as activated carbon.

The crude product can be purified by fractional distillation. It is uncommon to prepare SO₂Cl₂ in the laboratory because it is commercially available. Sulfuryl chloride can also be considered a derivative of sulfuric acid.

Sulfuryl chloride was first prepared in 1838 by the French chemist Henri Victor Regnault.

Sulfuryl chloride reacts with water, releasing hydrogen chloride gas and sulfuric acid:

SO₂Cl₂ will also decompose when heated to or above 100 °C, about 30 °C above its boiling point.

Upon standing, SO₂Cl₂ decomposes to sulfur dioxide and chlorine, which gives the older samples a slightly yellowish color.