Sulfuryl fluoride
|
|||
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
IUPAC name
Sulfuryl fluoride
|
|||
| Other names
Sulfonyl fluoride; Sulfur dioxide difluoride; Sulphuryl fluoride; Sulfuryl difluoride; Vikane
|
|||
| Identifiers | |||
|
3D model (Jmol)
|
|||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.018.437 | ||
|
PubChem CID
|
|||
|
|||
|
|||
| Properties | |||
| SO2F2 | |||
| Molar mass | 102.06 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | colourless gas | ||
| Odor | odorless | ||
| Density | 4.172 g/L (gas), 1.632 g/mL (liquid under compressed gas at 0 °C) | ||
| Melting point | −124.7 °C (−192.5 °F; 148.5 K) | ||
| Boiling point | −55.4 °C (−67.7 °F; 217.8 K) | ||
| 0.2% (0°C) | |||
| Solubility in other solvents | SO2 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 15.8 atm (21°C) | ||
| Structure | |||
| tetrahedral | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Main hazards | toxic | ||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
|
LC50 (median concentration)
|
991 ppm (rat, 4 hr) | ||
|
LCLo (lowest published)
|
1200 ppm (mouse, 1 hr) 5000 ppm (rabbit, 1 hr) |
||
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |||
|
PEL (Permissible)
|
TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) | ||
|
REL (Recommended)
|
TWA 5 ppm (20 mg/m3) ST 10 ppm (40 mg/m3) | ||
|
IDLH (Immediate danger)
|
200 ppm | ||
| Related compounds | |||
|
Related compounds
|
SO2Cl2, SO2ClF, SF6, SO3 |
||
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
|||
 (what is   ?) |
|||
| Infobox references | |||
Sulfuryl fluoride (also spelled sulphuryl fluoride) is the inorganic compound with the formula SO2F2. This acute neurotoxin is an easily condensed gas and has properties more similar to sulfur hexafluoride than sulfuryl chloride, being resistant to hydrolysis even up to 150 °C.
Scientific studies, including 2009 MIT studies, proved that sulfuryl fluoride is a greenhouse gas "about 4,800 times more potent a heat trapping gas than carbon dioxide" , and repeated scientific animal studies (dogs, rabbits, rats and mice) have proven that sulfuryl fluoride primarily targets the brain, leaving laboratory animals exposed to sulfuryl fluoride with vacuolations (holes) in the brain and damage to the white matter, amongst other debilitating symptoms including death . Despite these facts, sulfuryl fluoride is still not only widely used as a structural insecticide fumigant to kill termites and other pests, in the State of Florida the Department of Agriculture reports that fumigations have increased from 10,535 in 2010 to 63,491 in 2014, a stunning 600% increase in only four years. Inhalation is hazardous and potentially fatal to humans and animals. And while the EPA has approved this neuro toxin for use in residential homes, the EPA does not require individual States to report to them on the numbers of poisonings. Exposure to sulfuryl fluoride is much farther reaching than just pest control applications as the EPA also approved the use of sulfuryl fluoride on much of the nation's supply of non-organic foods, U.S. citizens consume the fluoride residues left behind from the sulfuryl fluoride gas .
The molecule is tetrahedral with C2vsymmetry. The S-O distance is 140.5 pm, S-F is 153.0 pm. As predicted by VSEPR, the O-S-O angle is more open than the F-S-F angle, 124° and 97°, respectively.
One synthesis begins with the preparation of potassium fluorosulfite:
This salt is then chlorinated to give sulfuryl chloride fluoride:
Further heating at 180 °C of potassium fluorosulfite with the sulfuryl chloride fluoride gives the desired product:
Heating metal fluorosulfonate salts also gives this molecule:
...
Wikipedia