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Sulfur mustard

Sulfur mustard
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Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1-Chloro-2-[(2-chloroethyl)sulfanyl]ethane
Other names
Bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide
HD
Iprit
Schwefel-LOST
Lost
Mustard gas
Senfgas
Yellow cross liquid
Yperite
Distilled mustard
Mustard T- mixture
1,1'-thiobis[2-chloroethane]
Dichlorodiethyl sulfide
Identifiers
505-60-2 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:25434 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL455341 YesY
ChemSpider 21106142 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.209.973
KEGG C19164 YesY
PubChem 10461
Properties
C4H8Cl2S
Molar mass 159.07 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless if pure. Normally ranges from pale yellow to dark brown. Slight garlic or horseradish type odor.
Density 1.27 g/mL, liquid
Melting point 14.4 °C (57.9 °F; 287.5 K)
Boiling point 217 °C (423 °F; 490 K) begins to decompose at 217 °C (423 °F) and boils at 218 °C (424 °F)
Negligible
Solubility soluble in ether, benzene, lipids, alcohol, THF
Hazards
Main hazards Poison, contact hazard, inhalation hazard, corrosive, environmental hazard, carcinogenic, possibly mutagenic
Safety data sheet External MSDS
Very toxic (T+)
Dangerous for the environment (N)
Vesicant
Carc. Cat 1
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oil Health code 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g., VX gas Reactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g., calcium Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point 105 °C (221 °F; 378 K)
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Nitrogen mustard, Bis(chloroethyl) ether
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Sulfur mustard, commonly known as mustard gas, is a cytotoxic and vesicant chemical warfare agent with the ability to form large blisters on exposed skin and in the lungs. Related chemical compounds with similar chemical structure and similar properties form a class of compounds known collectively as sulfur mustards or mustard agents. Pure sulfur mustards are colorless, viscous liquids at room temperature. When used in impure form, such as warfare agents, they are usually yellow-brown in color and have an odor resembling mustard plants, garlic, or horseradish, hence the name. Sulfur mustard was originally assigned the name LOST, after the scientists Wilhelm Lommel and Wilhelm Steinkopf, who developed a method of large-scale production for the Imperial German Army in 1916.

Mustard agents are regulated under the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (C.W.C.). Three classes of chemicals are monitored under this Convention, with sulfur and nitrogen mustard grouped in Schedule 1, as substances with no use other than in chemical warfare. Mustard agents could be deployed on the battlefield by means of artillery shells, aerial bombs, rockets, or by spraying from warplanes.

Sulfur mustard is the organic compound with formula (ClCH2CH2)2S. In the Depretz method, sulfur mustard is synthesized by treating sulfur dichloride with ethylene:


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