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Ethylene

Ethylene
Ethylene-CRC-MW-dimensions-2D.png
Ethylene-CRC-MW-3D-balls.png
Ethylene-3D-vdW.png
Names
IUPAC name
Ethene
Identifiers
74-85-1 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:18153 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL117822 YesY
ChemSpider 6085 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.742
EC Number 200-815-3
KEGG C06547 YesY
PubChem 6325
UNII 91GW059KN7 YesY
Properties
C
2
H
4
Molar mass 28.05 g/mol
Appearance colorless gas
Density 1.178 kg/m3 at 15 °C, gas
Melting point −169.2 °C (−272.6 °F; 104.0 K)
Boiling point −103.7 °C (−154.7 °F; 169.5 K)
3.5 mg/100 mL (17 °C); 2.9 mg/L
Solubility in ethanol 4.22 mg/L
Solubility in diethyl ether good
Acidity (pKa) 44
-15.30·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
D2h
zero
Thermochemistry
219.32 J·K−1·mol−1
+52.47 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet See: data page
ICSC 0475
Extremely Flammable F+
R-phrases R12 R67
S-phrases (S2) S9 S16 S33 S46
NFPA 704
Flammability code 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g., propane Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform Reactivity code 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g., phosphorus Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point −136 °C (−213 °F; 137 K)
542.8 °C (1,009.0 °F; 815.9 K)
Related compounds
Related compounds
Ethane
Acetylene
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constantr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C
2
H
4
or H2C=CH2. It is a colorless flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon double bonds).

Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 150 million tonnes in 2016) exceeds that of any other organic compound. Much of this production goes toward polyethylene, a widely used plastic containing polymer chains of ethylene units in various chain lengths. Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone, used in agriculture to force the ripening of fruits. Ethylene's hydrate is ethyl alcohol.

This hydrocarbon has four hydrogen atoms bound to a pair of carbon atoms that are connected by a double bond. All six atoms that comprise ethylene are coplanar. The H-C-H angle is 117.4°, close to the 120° for ideal sp² hybridized carbon. The molecule is also relatively rigid: rotation about the C-C bond is a high energy process that requires breaking the π-bond.

The π-bond in the ethylene molecule is responsible for its useful reactivity. The double bond is a region of high electron density, thus it is susceptible to attack by electrophiles. Many reactions of ethylene are catalyzed by transition metals, which bind transiently to the ethylene using both the π and π* orbitals.


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Wikipedia

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