Ethyl alcohol

Ethanol

Names
Pronunciation	/ˈɛθənɒl/
Systematic IUPAC name ethanol
Other names Absolute alcohol, alcohol, cologne spirit, drinking alcohol, ethylic alcohol, EtOH, ethyl alcohol, ethyl hydrate, ethyl hydroxide, ethylol, grain alcohol, hydroxyethane, methylcarbinol
Identifiers
CAS Number	64-17-5 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	1718733
ChEBI	CHEBI:16236 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL545 Y
ChemSpider	682 Y
DrugBank	DB00898 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.526
E number	E1510 (additional chemicals)
Gmelin Reference	787
IUPHAR/BPS	2299
PubChem	702
UNII	3K9958V90M Y
InChI InChI=1S/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3 Y Key: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C2H6O/c1-2-3/h3H,2H2,1H3 Key: LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYAB
SMILES CCO
Properties
Chemical formula	C2H6O
Molar mass	46.07 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Density	0.7893 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Melting point	−114.14 ± 0.03 °C (−173.45 ± 0.05 °F; 159.01 ± 0.03 K)
Boiling point	78.24 ± 0.09 °C (172.83 ± 0.16 °F; 351.39 ± 0.09 K)
Solubility in water	miscible
log P	−0.18
Vapor pressure	5.95 kPa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa)	15.9 (H2O), 29.8 (DMSO)
Basicity (pKb)	−1.9
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-33.60·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.3611
Viscosity	1.2 mPa·s (at 20 °C), 1.074 mPa·s (at 25 °C)
Dipole moment	1.69 D
Pharmacology
Drug class	Central nervous system depressant
ATC code	D08AX08 (WHO) V03AB16 (WHO), V03AZ01 (WHO)
Pregnancy category	US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Dependence liability	Moderate
Addiction liability	Moderate (10–15%)
Routes of administration	Common: by mouth, topical Uncommon: suppository, inhalation, ocular, insufflation, injection
Pharmacokinetics:
Bioavailability	Variable
Metabolism	Liver: alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme
Metabolites	Acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acetyl-CoA, carbon dioxide, water
Biological half-life	None, constant rate elimination
Excretion	Urine, breath, perspiration, tears, milk, saliva, bile
Legal status	AU: Unscheduled CA: Unscheduled DE: Unscheduled NZ: Unscheduled UK: Unscheduled US: Unscheduled UN: Unscheduled EU: Unscheduled
Related compounds
Related compounds	Ethane Methanol
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a slight characteristic odor. Its chemical formula is C
2H
6O, which can be written also as CH
3-CH
2-OH or C
2H
5-OH (an ethyl group linked to a hydroxyl group), and is often abbreviated as EtOH.

Ethanol is mostly produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts, or by petrochemical processes. It is an addictive psychoactive drug (indeed one of the oldest and most common recreational drugs), causing a characteristic intoxication ("drunkenness") and neurotoxicity when consumed in sufficient quantities. It is widely used as a solvent, as fuel, and as a for synthesis of other chemicals; as well as in many other minor uses.