State of Han
| Han | ||||||||||
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韓 or 韩 *Gar |
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| Kingdom | ||||||||||
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| Capital |
Yangzhai (before 375 BC) Xinzheng (after 375 BC) |
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| Religion |
Chinese folk religion ancestor worship |
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| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||
| Historical era | Warring States period | |||||||||
| • | Partition of Jin | 403 BC | ||||||||
| • | Conquered by Qin | 230 BC | ||||||||
| Currency |
spade money other ancient Chinese coinage |
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| Han | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 韓 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 韩 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Hán |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Harn |
| Wade–Giles | Han2 |
| IPA | [xǎn] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Hòhn |
| Jyutping | Hon4 |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Hân |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart | *[g]ˤar |
Han (Chinese: 韓, Old Chinese: *[g]ˤar) was an ancient Chinese state during the Warring States period of ancient China, located in modern-day Shanxi and Henan.
Its territory directly blocked the passage of the state of Qin into the North China Plain and thus it was a frequent target of Qin's military operations. Although Han had attempted several self-strengthening reforms (notably under the noted legalist Shen Buhai), it never overcame Qin and was instead the first of the warring states to be conquered by it.
The Qin invasion of Han's Shangdang Commandery ushered in the bloodiest battle of the whole period (at Changping) in 260 BC.
According to the Records of the Grand Historian, the royal family of Han were a cadet branch of the Zhou dynasty. Members of the family became ministers in the powerful state of Jin and were granted Hanyuan (modern Hancheng in Shaanxi).
During the Spring and Autumn period, the Han family gradually gained influence and importance within Jin. They were made 子 (zǐ, "viscounts"). In 403 BC, Jing of Han, along with Wen of Wei and Lie of Zhao partitioned Jin among themselves. In Chinese history, this Partition of Jin is the event which marks the end of the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring States. Subsequently, Han was an independent polity. King Lie eventually recognized the new states and elevated the rulers to (hou, "marquess").
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