Srednekolymsk
| Srednekolymsk (English) Среднеколымск (Russian) Орто Халыма (Yakut) |
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| - Town - Town under district jurisdiction |
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_Republic_(2008-03).svg) Location of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic in Russia |
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 Srednekolymsk
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| Town Day | September 15 |
| Administrative status (as of June 2009) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sakha Republic |
| Administrative district | Srednekolymsky District |
| Town | Srednekolymsk |
| Administrative center of | Srednekolymsky District, Town of Srednekolymsk |
| Municipal status (as of April 2012) | |
| Municipal district | Srednekolymsky Municipal District |
| Urban settlement | Srednekolymsk Urban Settlement |
| Administrative center of | Srednekolymsky Municipal District, Srednekolymsk Urban Settlement |
| Mayor | Yury Yudin |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 3,525 inhabitants |
| Time zone | MAGT (UTC+11:00) |
| Founded | 1644 |
| Town status since | 1775 |
| Previous names |
Srednekolymsk, Yarmanka (until 1775) |
| Postal code(s) | 678790, 678799 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 41156 |
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| 2010 Census | 3,525 |
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| 2002 Census | 3,587 |
| 1989 Census | 4,489 |
| 1979 Census | 3,309 |
Srednekolymsk (Russian: Среднеколы́мск; Yakut: Орто Халыма, Orto Xalıma) is a town and the administrative center of Srednekolymsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kolyma River, 1,485 kilometers (923 mi) northeast of Yakutsk, the capital of the republic. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,525.
When the Russians arrived in the 1640s, they built three forts on the Kolyma: Nizhnekolymsk, Srednekolymsk, and Verkhnekolymsk (i.e., lower, middle, and upper Kolymsk). They were about three days sled journey apart. Nizhnekolymsk was on the delta near the route to Anadyrsk. Srednekolymsk was at the head of navigation by seagoing koches, in forested country for good fur trapping and on the overland route to the Indigirka River. Verkhnekolymsk was smaller and upriver. The first fort (ostrog) was founded in 1644 by Mikhail Stadukhin. Some say that this was Nizhnekolymsk, but Fisher thinks that the original fort was Srednekolymsk and that the main Russian center was moved to Nizhnekolymsk by 1655 when the Anadyrsk route became important.
At some point the name was changed to Yarmanka, from the Russian word for "fair", referring to the annual gatherings of indigenous inhabitants of the area here in spring. The settlement grew over the next century, and was granted town status and its present name in 1775. In Imperial times, it was a destination for political exiles.
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