Soviet Census (1989)

1989 Soviet National Census
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General information
Country	Soviet Union
Date taken	January 12, 1989 (1989-01-12)– January 19, 1989 (1989-01-19)
Total population	286,730,819
Percent change	9.3%
Most populous republic	Russia 147,400,537
Least populous republic	Estonia 1,572,916

The 1989 Soviet census (Russian: Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989), transliterated as Vsesoyuznaya perepis naselenya 1989 or academically as Vsesojuznaja perepis' naselenja 1989, conducted between 12-19 January of that year, was the last one that took place in the former USSR. The census found the total population to be 286,730,819 inhabitants. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous in the world, above the United States (with 248,709,873 inhabitants according to the 1 April 1990 census), although it was well behind China and India.

In 1989, about half of the Soviet Union's total population lived in the Russian SFSR, and approximately one-sixth (some 18%) of them in Ukraine. Almost two-thirds (some 65.7%) of the population was urban, leaving the rural population with some 34.3%. In this way, its gradual increase continued, as shown by the series represented by 47.9%, 56.3% and 62.3% of 1959, 1970 and 1979 respectively.

The last two national censuses (held in 1979 and 1989) showed that the country had been experiencing an average annual increase of about 2.5 million people, although it was a slight decrease from a figure of around 3 million per year in the previous intercensal period, 1959-1970. This post-war increase had contributed to the USSR's partial demographic recovery from the significant population loss that the USSR had suffered during the Great Patriotic War (the Eastern Front of World War II), and before it, during Stalin's Great Purge of 1936-1938. The previous postwar censuses, conducted in 1959, 1970 and 1979, had enumerated 208,826,650, 241,720,134, and 262,436,227 inhabitants respectively.