Spanish–Portuguese treaty
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Portugal–Spain relations describes relations between the governments of the Portuguese Republic and the Kingdom of Spain. The two states make up the vast majority of the Iberian Peninsula and as such, the relationship between the two is sometimes known as Iberian relations.
In recent years, both countries have enjoyed a much friendlier relationship. The two countries have the European Union, Eurozone, Schengen Area, and NATO in common.
Portugal became an independent kingdom in 1139, when Afonso Henriques proclaimed himself King of Portugal on 25 July 1139, after defeating the Moors at the Battle of Ourique. He was recognized as such in 1143 by King Alfonso VII of León and Castile and in 1179 by Pope Alexander III.
Spain, in its modern form, is widely believed to have begun by the Union of the crowns of Castile and Aragon in 1479, although the unification of Spain and creation of one nation state only took place during the Age of Enlightenment. Until then Spain was a geographic location referring to the Iberian peninsula, and the kingdoms united under the same king were collectively known as the Spains although this was not the official name. It was only in the constitution of 1812 that was adopted the name "Españas" (Spains) for the Spanish nation and the use of the title of "king of the Spains". The constitution of 1876 adopts for the first time the name "Spain" for the Spanish nation and from then on the kings would use the title of "king of Spain". Portugal, Castille and Aragon were allies in the Reconquista in which they reconquered land from the Muslim Moors in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal's reconquest was fully achieved by 1249, while Spain finished its reconquest in 1492.
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