Soviet Republic of Gilan

Persian Socialist Soviet Republic
جمهوری شوروی سوسیالیستی ایران Jomhuri-e Sosialisti-e Iran (Soviet) Republic of Gilan The Gilan Republic جمهوری گیلان Jomhuri-e Gilan
Unrecognized state
1920–1921
Flag
Location of Gilan, where the Persian SSR was declared, in Iran.
Capital		Rasht
Languages		Gilaki · Persian
Government		Socialist republic
President
•	1920–1921	Mirza Koochak Khan
Historical era		Interwar period
•	Republic declared	May 1920
•	Russo-Persian Treaty	February 1921
•	Disestablished	September 1921
Preceded by Succeeded by Qajar Dynasty Qajar Dynasty

(Soviet) Republic of Gilan
The Gilan Republic
جمهوری گیلان
Jomhuri-e Gilan

Flag

The Persian Socialist Soviet Republic (widely known as the Soviet Republic of Gilan) was a short-lived Soviet republic in the Iranian province of Gilan that lasted from June 1920 until September 1921. It was established by Mirza Koochak Khan, a leader of the Constitutionalist movement of Gilan, and his Jangali (Foresters Movement) partisans, with the assistance of the Soviet Red Army.

The Jangal movement that had started in 1914 was further boosted and gained gravity after the victory of the Bolsheviks in Russia. In May 1920 the Soviet Caspian Fleet led by Fedor Raskolnikov and accompanied by Sergo Orzhonikidze entered the Caspian port of Anzali. This mission was declared to be only in pursuit of the Russian vessels and ammunition taken to Anzali by the White Russian counter-revolutionary General Denikin, who had been given asylum by British forces in Anzali. The British garrison in Anzali was soon evacuated without any resistance and the British forces retrieved to Manjil.