Solimões-Japurá moist forests
| Solimões-Japurá moist forest | |
|---|---|
| Ecology | |
| Realm | Neotropical |
| Biome | Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests |
| Geography | |
| Area | 167,572.23 km2 (64,700.00 sq mi) |
| Countries | Brazil, Colombia, Peru |
| Coordinates | 2°24′47″S 70°55′30″W / 2.413°S 70.925°WCoordinates: 2°24′47″S 70°55′30″W / 2.413°S 70.925°W |
The Solimões-Japurá moist forest (NT0163) is an ecoregion in northwest Brazil and eastern Peru and Colombia in the Amazon biome. It has a hot climate with high rainforest throughout the year, and holds one of the most diverse collections of fauna and flora in the world. The ecoregion is relatively intact.
The Solimões-Japurá moist forest has an area of 16,757,223 hectares (41,408,000 acres) divided between Colombia, Brazil and Peru. The northern boundary of the western portion in Colombia is defined by the Caqueta River. The Caqueta separates the ecoregion from the Caqueta moist forests to the north. The Caqueta becomes the Japurá River when it crosses the border with Brazil, and the Japurá (or the Purus várzea along the Japurá) defines the northern boundary in Brazil to the point where the Japurá meets the Solimões River. The Japurá-Solimões-Negro moist forests lies to the north of the Japurá.
The Purus várzea and then the Iquitos várzea along the Solimões define the southern boundary in Brazil and Peru. The Purus várzea forms the south east border, and elements of the Purus várzea are found along rivers throughout the Solimões-Japurá ecoregion. The Iquitos várzea forms the southwest border, separating the Solimões-Japurá ecoregion from the Southwest Amazon moist forests further south.. The Solimões-Japurá moist forest adjoins the Napo moist forests to the west. The Napo River separates the Solimões-Japurá moist forest from the Napo moist forests.
The ecoregion covers upland alluvial plains formed in the Tertiary period. The terrain includes floodplains, rolling hills, steep banks and plateaus. Elevations are typically from 100 to 220 metres (330 to 720 ft), but in Colombia the sandstone plateaus rise to 500 metres (1,600 ft). The Putumayo River, which defines the border between Peru and Colombia, runs through the region, which is also drained by the Caquetá, Napo and Solimões. There is a variety of soil types, but most are oxisols and ultisols poor in nutrients and high in aluminum and iron.
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