Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
| Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | ||||||||||||
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الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الإشتراكية العظمى Al-Jamāhīriyyah al-ʿArabiyyah al-Lībiyyah aš-Šaʿbiyyah al-Ištirākiyyah al-ʿUẓmā (Arabic) |
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Anthem Allahu Akbar |
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| Capital |
Tripoli (1977–2011) Sirte (September 2011) |
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| Languages | Arabic | |||||||||||
| Religion | Islam | |||||||||||
| Government |
De jure Direct democracy De facto Authoritarian state |
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| Leader and Guide of the Revolution | ||||||||||||
| • | 1972-2011 (de facto) | Muammar Gaddafi | ||||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War, War on Terrorism | |||||||||||
| • | Libya leaves the Federation of Arab Republics | November 19, 1977 | ||||||||||
| • | Disestablished | 2011 (de facto) | ||||||||||
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The Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (Arabic: الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكيةal-Ǧamāhīriyyat al-ʿArabiyyat al-Lībiyyat aš-Šaʿbiyyat al-Ištirākiyyat) was a state that was declared by Muammar Gaddafi. On 2 March 1977, the GPC, at Gaddafi's behest, adopted the "Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority" In the official political philosophy of Gaddafi's state, the "Jamahiriya" system was unique to the country, although it was presented as the materialization of the Third International Theory, proposed by Gaddafi to be applied to the entire Third World. Gaddafi was designated the "Leader" (Qāʾid) of the Libyan state and was accorded the honorifics "Guide of the First of September Great Revolution of the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya" or "Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution" in government statements and the official press. The Libyan government stated that the Libyan Jamahiriya was a direct democracy without any political parties, governed by its populace through local popular councils and communes (named Basic People's Congresses). Official rhetoric disdains the tribal bonds remaining primary, even within the ranks of the military of Libya.
Jamahiriya (Arabic: جماهيرية jamāhīriyyah) is an Arabic term generally translated as "state of the masses"; Lisa Anderson has suggested "peopledom" or "state of the masses" as a reasonable approximations of the meaning of the term as intended by Gaddafi. The term does not occur in this sense in Muammar al-Gaddafi's Green Book of 1975. The nisba-adjective Arabic: جماهيرية ("mass-, "of the masses") occurs only in the third part, published in 1981, in the phrase إن الحركات التاريخية هي الحركات الجماهيرية , translated in the English edition as "Historic movements are mass movements".
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