Arabic nouns and adjectives

Arabic nouns and adjectives are declined according to case, state, gender and number. While this is strictly true in Classical Arabic, in colloquial or spoken Arabic, there are a number of simplifications such as loss of certain final vowels and loss of case. A number of derivational processes exist for forming new nouns and adjectives. Adverbs can be formed from adjective

Nouns (‏‎ ism) and adjectives in Classical Arabic are declined according to the following properties:

Nouns are normally given in their pausal form. For example, ‏‎ malik "king" would be declined as مَلِكٌ malikun "king (nominative singular indefinite)", اَلْمَلِكُ al-maliku "the king (nominative singular definite)", etc. A feminine noun like ‏‎ malikah "queen" would be declined as مَلِكَةٌ malikatun "queen (nominative singular indefinite)", اَلْمَلِكَةُ al-malikatu "the queen (nominative singular definite)", etc. The citation form with final ـَة -ah reflects the formal pausal pronunciation of this word (i.e. as it would be pronounced at the end of an utterance) — although in practice the h is not usually pronounced, and hence the word may be cited in some sources as malika.

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