Sir Moses Montefiore

Sir Moses Montefiore, Bt
Sir Moses Montefiore painted in 1881
Born	October 24, 1784 Leghorn, Tuscany, Italy
Died	28 July 1885(1885-07-28) (aged 100)
Occupation	Banker
Spouse(s)	Judith Cohen
Parent(s)	Joseph Elias Montefiore Rachel Mocatta
Relatives	Abraham Mocatta (maternal grandfather) Levy Barent Cohen (father-in-law)

Sir Moses Haim Montefiore, 1st Baronet, FRS (24 October 1784 – 28 July 1885) was a British financier and banker, activist, philanthropist and Sheriff of London. Born to an Italian Jewish family, he donated large sums of money to promote industry, business, economic development, education and health among the Jewish community in the Levant, including the founding of Mishkenot Sha'ananim in 1860, the first settlement of the New Yishuv. As President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, his correspondence with the British consul in Damascus Charles Henry Churchill in 1841–42 is seen as pivotal to the development of Proto-Zionism.

Moses Montefiore was born in Leghorn (Livorno in Italian), Tuscany, in 1784, to a Sephardic Jewish family based in Great Britain. His grandfather, Moses Vita (Haim) Montefiore, had emigrated from Livorno to London in the 1740s, but retained close contact with the town, then famous for its straw bonnets. Montefiore was born while his parents, Joseph Elias Montefiore and his young wife Rachel, the daughter of Abraham Mocatta, a powerful bullion broker in London, were in the town on a business journey; he was their first child.

The family returned to Kennington in London, where Montefiore went to school, but because of his family's precarious situation, Montefiore did not complete his schooling and he went out to work to help with the family's finances. . He worked for a wholesale tea merchant and grocer and then entered a counting house in the City of London. In 1803 he entered the London Stock Exchange, but lost all of his clients money in 1806 in a fraud perpetrated by Elkin Daniels. As a result, he probably had to sell or hand in his broker's license,. Between 1810 and 1814 Montefiore was part of the Surrey Militia In 1815, Montefiroe bought again a broker's license, operated briefly a joint venture with his brother Abraham until 1816, and largely closed down his trading activities in 1820.