Single European market
 Single European Act |
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|---|---|
| Type | Amending treaty |
| Signed | 17 February 1986 28 February 1986 |
| Location |
Luxembourg, Luxembourg The Hague, Netherlands |
| Effective | 1 July 1987 |
| Parties | 12 EC members |
| Depositary | Government of Italy |
| Citations | Prior amendment treaty: Merger Treaty (1965) Subsequent amendment treaty: Maastricht Treaty (1992) |
| Languages | |
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After amendments made by the SEA Treaty: Consolidated version of EURATOM treaty (1986) Consolidated version of the ECSC treaty (1986) Consolidated version of TEEC (1986) |
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The Single European Act (SEA) was the first major revision of the 1957 Treaty of Rome. The Act set the European Community an objective of establishing a single market by 31 December 1992, and codified European Political Cooperation, the forerunner of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy. It was signed at Luxembourg on 17 February 1986, and at The Hague on 28 February 1986. It came into effect on 1 July 1987, under the Delors Commission.
The SEA's signing grew from the discontent among European Community members in the 1980s about the de facto lack of free trade among them. Leaders from business and politics wanted to harmonise laws among countries and resolve policy discrepancies.
The Treaty was drafted with the aim of implementing parts of the Dooge report on institutional reform of the Community and the European Commission's white paper on reforming the Common Market. The resultant treaty aimed to create a "Single Market" in the Community by 1992, and as a means of achieving this adopted a more collaborative legislative process, later known as the cooperation procedure, which gave the European Parliament a real say in legislating for the first time and introduced more majority voting in the Council of Ministers. Under the procedure the Council could, with the support of Parliament and acting on a proposal by the Commission, adopt a legislative proposal by a qualified majority, but the Council could also overrule a rejection of a proposed law by the Parliament by adopting a proposal unanimously.
A core element of the SEA was to create a Single Market within the European Community by 1992, when, it was hoped that the legislative reforms seen necessary would have been completed. To make the objectives possible, the SEA reformed the legislative process both by introducing the cooperation procedure and by extending Qualified Majority Voting to new areas. Measures were also taken to shorten the legislative process.
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