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Sigismund III

Sigismund III Vasa
Zygmunt III w stroju koronacyjnym.jpg
Sigismund III Vasa by Pieter Soutman
King of Poland
Grand Duke of Lithuania
Reign 18 September 1587 – 19 April 1632
Coronation 27 December 1587
Predecessor Anna Jagiellon and Stephen Báthory
Successor Władysław IV
King of Sweden
Reign 17 November 1592 – 24 July 1599
Coronation 19 February 1594
Predecessor John III
Successor Charles IX
Born 20 June 1566
Gripsholm Castle, Sweden
Died 30 April 1632(1632-04-30) (aged 65)
Warsaw, Poland
Burial 4 February 1633
Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland
Spouse Anna of Austria
Constance of Austria
Issue
among others...
Władysław IV
John II Casimir
John Albert, Bishop of Warmia and Kraków
Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole
Alexander Charles
Anna Catherine Constance, Electress Palatine
Full name
Zygmunt III Waza (in Poland)
Sigismund (in Sweden)
House Vasa
Father John III of Sweden
Mother Catherine Jagellonica
Religion Roman Catholicism
Signature
Full name
Zygmunt III Waza (in Poland)
Sigismund (in Sweden)

Sigismund III Vasa (also known as Sigismund III of Poland, Polish: Zygmunt III Waza, Swedish: Sigismund, Lithuanian: Žygimantas Vaza, English exonym: Sigmund; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, monarch of the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1587 to 1632, and King of Sweden (where he is known simply as Sigismund) from 1592 as a composite monarchy until he was deposed in 1599. He was the son of King John III of Sweden and his first wife, Catherine Jagellonica of Poland.

Elected to the throne of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sigismund sought to create a personal union between the Commonwealth and Sweden (Polish–Swedish union), and succeeded for a time in 1592. After he had been deposed in 1599 from the Swedish throne by his uncle, Charles IX of Sweden, and a meeting of the Riksens ständer (Swedish Riksdag), he spent much of the rest of his life attempting to reclaim it.

Shortly after his victory over his internal enemies, Sigismund took advantage of a period of civil unrest in Muscovy (known as the Time of Troubles) and invaded Russia, holding Moscow for two years (1610–12) and Smolensk thereafter. In 1617 the Polish–Swedish conflict, which had been interrupted by an armistice in 1611, broke out again. While Sigismund's army was also fighting Ottoman forces in Moldavia (1617–21), King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden (Charles IX's son) invaded Sigismund's lands, capturing Riga (1621) and seizing almost all of Polish Livonia. Sigismund, who concluded the Truce of Altmark with Sweden in 1629, never regained the Swedish crown. His Swedish wars resulted, moreover, in Poland's loss of Livonia and in a diminution of the kingdom's international prestige.


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