Shimla Agreement
| Agreement Between the Government of India and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on Bilateral Relations | |
|---|---|
Pakistan Rangers are standing with the Flags of India and Pakistan
|
|
| Type | Peace treaty |
| Context | Cold war |
| Drafted | 28 June 1972 |
| Signed | 2 July 1972 |
| Location |
Shimla, Barnes court (Raj bhavan)http://himachalrajbhavan.nic.in/history.html Himachal Pradesh, India |
| Sealed | 3 August 1972 |
| Effective | 4 August 1972 |
| Condition | Ratification of both parties |
| Expiry | 14 April 1974 |
| Negotiators | Foreign ministries of India and Pakistan |
| Signatories |
Indira Gandhi (Prime Minister of India) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (President of Pakistan) |
| Parties |
 India Pakistan
|
| Ratifiers |
Parliament of India Parliament of Pakistan |
| Depositary | Governments of Pakistan and India |
| Languages | |
Shimla, Barnes court (Raj bhavan)http://himachalrajbhavan.nic.in/history.html
The Simla Agreement (or Shimla Agreement) was signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Simla, the capital city of Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. It followed from the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1971 that led to the independence of Bangladesh, which was earlier known as East Pakistan and was part of the territory of Pakistan. India entered the war as an ally of Bangladesh which transformed the war into an Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The agreement was ratified by the Parliaments of both the nations in same year.
The agreement was the result of resolve of both the countries to "put an end to the conflict and confrontation that have hitherto marred their relations". It conceived the steps to be taken for further normalisation of mutual relations and it also laid down the principles that should govern their future relations.
The treaty was signed in Simla, India, by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the President of Pakistan, and Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India. The agreement also paved the way for diplomatic recognition of Bangladesh by Pakistan. Technically the document was signed on 0040 hours in the night of 3 July, despite this official documents are dated 2 July 1972. Few major outcomes of the Simla Agreement are:
The agreement has not prevented the relationship between the two countries from deteriorating to the point of armed conflict, most recently in the Kargil War of 1999. In Operation Meghdoot of 1984 India seized all of the inhospitable Siachen Glacier region where the frontier had been clearly not defined in the agreement (possibly as the area was thought too barren to be controversial), this was considered as a violation of the Simla Agreement by Pakistan. Most of the subsequent deaths in the Siachen Conflict have been from natural disasters, e.g. avalanches in 2010, 2012 and 2016.
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