Shaykh Tusi
| Abu Ja'far al-Tusi | |
|---|---|
| Title | Shaykh al-Taʾifah |
| Born | October 995 |
| Died | 2 December 1067 (aged 72) |
| Ethnicity | Persian |
| Era | Islamic golden age |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Shia Islam |
| Jurisprudence | Twelver |
| Main interest(s) | Kalam, Tafsir, Hadith, Ilm ar-Rijal, Usul and Fiqh |
| Notable idea(s) | Hawza of Najaf |
| Notable work(s) | Tahdhib al-Ahkam, Al-Istibsar, Al-Tibyan |
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Shaykh Tusi (Persian: شیخ طوسی), full name Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Hassan Tusi (Persian: ابوجعفر محمد بن حسن طوسی), known as Shaykh al-Taʾifah (Arabic: شيخ الطائفة) was a prominent Persian scholar of the Twelver school of Shia Islam. He became known as “sheikh of the sect (shaikh al-ta'ifah),” authored two of the four main Shi'i books of hadith, Tahdhib al-Ahkam and al-Istibsar, and is believed to have founded the Hawza. He also counts as the founder of shia jurisprudence.
He was born in Tus in Iran in 995 AD/385. In 1018 AD/408 A.H. His life was along with the government of Buyid dynasty. He was born according to praying of twelfth imam of shia namely Mahdi He learned significant level of Islamic sciences of that period in Tus in Khorasan. he left Tus to study in Baghdad. In 1055 AD/447 A.H Tughril-bek entered Baghdad. there he could participate in the courses of Shykh Al-Mufid as paramount teacher. Also he wrote some of his books when he was between twenty and thirty. When he was forty two he participated in the class of his master namely Shaykh Murtaza. At this time many Muslim scholars in Baghdad, both Sunni and Shiʿite were killed. The house of al-Shaikh al-Tusi was burnt down, as were his books and the works he had written in Baghdad, together with important libraries of Shi'ite books. Al-Tusi went to al-Najaf after the fall of Baghdad. He died at Najaf on the 22nd of Muharram in the year 460 A.H/2 December 1067.
Tusi had important role in formation and revival of Shia jurisprudence and law. since that his time was coincidence with the burning of the great books and library, nearly he must to revive the hadith and jurisprudence in a way. He innovated in the sphere of jurisprudence. He tried to defend the application of jurisprudence in respect of religious laws. One of his accomplishments was that he could be successful in propagation and coherence of methodologies of argumentation and inference. His dominance was unrivaled until long Time. Nearly all jurisprudents only were affected by shaykh Tusi's opinions. The influence of shaykh Tusi continued until the emergence of Ibn Idris Hilli who criticized some views od shaykh Tusi. Also Tusi Had given to shaykh Mufid a definite formulation in Ijtihad. In fact three people including Shaykh Tusi had important role in leadership of Shia's school of law.Some works of Tusi shows that he was influenced by precedent jurists like Sallar Deylami.
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