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Septimus Severus

Septimius Severus
Septimius Severus busto-Musei Capitolini.jpg
Alabaster bust of Septimius Severus at Musei Capitolini, Rome
21st Emperor of the Roman Empire
Reign 14 April 193 – 4 February 211
Predecessor Didius Julianus
Successor Caracalla and Geta
Co-emperors Caracalla (198–211)
Geta (209–211)
Born (145-04-11)11 April 145
Leptis Magna (today Khoms, Libya)
Died 4 February 211(211-02-04) (aged 65)
Eboracum (today York, England)
Spouse Paccia Marciana (c. 175 – c. 186)
Julia Domna
Issue Caracalla and Publius Septimius Geta
(both by Julia Domna)
Full name
Lucius Septimius Severus (from birth to accession);
Caesar Lucius Septimius Severus Eusebes Pertinax Augustus (as emperor)
Dynasty Severan
Father Publius Septimius Geta
Mother Fulvia Pia
Full name
Lucius Septimius Severus (from birth to accession);
Caesar Lucius Septimius Severus Eusebes Pertinax Augustus (as emperor)
Roman imperial dynasties
Severan dynasty
Chronology
Septimius Severus 193–198
—with Caracalla 198–209
—with Caracalla and Geta 209–211
Caracalla and Geta 211–211
Caracalla 211–217
Interlude: Macrinus 217–218
Elagabalus 218–222
Alexander Severus 222–235
Dynasty
Severan dynasty family tree
All biographies
Succession
Preceded by
Year of the Five Emperors
Followed by
Crisis of the Third Century

Septimius Severus (/səˈvɪərəs/; Latin: Lucius Septimius Severus Augustus; 11 April 145 – 4 February 211), also known as Severus, was Roman emperor from 193 to 211. Severus was born in Leptis Magna in the Roman province of Africa. As a young man he advanced through the cursus honorum—the customary succession of offices—under the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. Severus seized power after the death of Emperor Pertinax in 193 during the Year of the Five Emperors.

After deposing and killing the incumbent emperor Didius Julianus, Severus fought his rival claimants, the generals Pescennius Niger and Clodius Albinus. Niger was defeated in 194 at the Battle of Issus in Cilicia. Later that year Severus waged a short punitive campaign beyond the eastern frontier, annexing the Kingdom of Osroene as a new province. Severus defeated Albinus three years later at the Battle of Lugdunum in Gaul.

After consolidating his rule over the western provinces, Severus waged another brief, more successful war in the east against the Parthian Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 197 and expanding the eastern frontier to the Tigris. Furthermore, he enlarged and fortified the Limes Arabicus in Arabia Petraea. In 202, he campaigned in Africa and Mauretania against the Garamantes; capturing their capital Garama and expanding the Limes Tripolitanus along the southern frontier of the empire.


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