Second Philippine Republic
| Republic of the Philippines | ||||||||||
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フィリピン第二共和国 (Japanese) Republika ng Pilipinas (Filipino) República de Filipinas (Spanish) |
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| Puppet state of Imperial Japan | ||||||||||
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Motto
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Anthem Diwa ng Bayan (Tagalog: Spirit of the Nation) Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas (Tagalog: Hymn of the Birth of the New Philippines) |
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 Location of the Philippines in Southeast Asia.
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| Capital |
Manila (1942-45) Baguio (1945) |
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| Languages | Filipino, Spanish, Japanese | |||||||||
| Government | Single-party authoritarian republic | |||||||||
| President | José P. Laurel | |||||||||
| Speaker | Benigno S. Aquino | |||||||||
| Legislature | National Assembly | |||||||||
| Historical era | World War II | |||||||||
| • | Beginning of the occupation | October 14, 1943 | ||||||||
| • | Surrender of Japan | August 17, 1945 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1946 | 300,000 km² (115,831 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1946 est. | 18,846,800 | ||||||||
| Density | 62.8 /km² (162.7 /sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Japanese government-issued Philippine peso | |||||||||
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The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Japanese: フィリピン共和国, translit. Firipin kyōwakoku, Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas, Spanish: República de Filipinas), or known in the Philippines as Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a puppet state established on October 14, 1943, during the Japanese occupation.
President Manuel L. Quezon declared the national capital Manila an "open city", and left it under the rule of Jorge B. Vargas, as mayor. The Japanese entered the city on January 2, 1942, and established it as the capital. Japan fully captured the Philippines on May 6, 1942, after the Battle of Corregidor.
General Masaharu Homma decreed the dissolution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines and established the Philippine Executive Commission, a caretaker government, with Vargas as its first chairman in January 1942. KALIBAPI– Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (Tagalog for the "Association for Service to the New Philippines") was formed by Proclamation No. 109 of the Philippine Executive Commission (Komisyong Tagapagpaganap ng Pilipinas), a piece of legislation passed on December 8, 1942, banning all existing political parties and creating the new governing alliance. Its first director-general was Benigno Aquino, Sr. The pro-Japanese Ganap Party, which saw the Japanese as the saviours of the archipelago, was absorbed into the KALIBAPI.
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