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Manuel L. Quezon

His Excellency
Manuel L. Quezon
Manuel L. Quezon (November 1942).jpg
2nd President of the Philippines
In office
November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944
Vice President Sergio Osmeña, Sr.
Preceded by Re-established
(Last title held by Emilio Aguinaldo) as (President of the Philippines)
Frank Murphy as (Governor-General of the Philippines)
Succeeded by José P. Laurel, Sr. (de facto)
1st President of the Senate of the Philippines
In office
August 29, 1916 – November 15, 1935
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Manuel Roxas
Senator of the Philippines from the 5th Senatorial District
In office
October 16, 1916 – November 15, 1935
Served with:
Vicente Ilustre (1916–1919)
Antero Soriano (1919–1925)
José P. Laurel (1925–1931)
Claro M. Recto (1931–1935)
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Position abolished
Secretary of National Defense
In office
July 16, 1941 – December 10, 1941
President Himself
Preceded by Teofilo Sison
Succeeded by Jorge B. Vargas
Resident Commissioner to the U.S. House of Representatives from the Philippine Islands
In office
November 23, 1909 – October 15, 1916
Serving with Benito Legarda
(1909–1913)
and Manuel Earnshaw
(1913–1916)
Preceded by Pablo Ocampo
Succeeded by Teodoro R. Yangco
Majority Leader of the Philippine House of Representatives
In office
October 16, 1907 – November 23, 1909
Preceded by Position Established
Succeeded by Alberto Barreto
As Majority Leader of the Philippine Assembly
Member of the Philippine Assembly from Tayabas' 1st District
In office
October 16, 1907 – October 16, 1916
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by Filemon Perez
Governor of Tayabas
In office
1906–1907
Personal details
Born Manuel Luis Molina Quezon Sr.
(1878-08-19)August 19, 1878
Baler, El Principe, Captaincy General of the Philippines
(now Baler, Aurora, Philippines)
Died August 1, 1944(1944-08-01) (aged 65)
Saranac Lake, New York, United States
Resting place Quezon Memorial Circle, Quezon City, Philippines
Nationality Filipino
Political party Nacionalista Party
Other political
affiliations
Democratic Party
Spouse(s) Aurora Aragón
Relations Manuel L. Quezon III (grandson)
Children Ma. Aurora Quezon
Maria Zeneida Quezon-Avanceña
Manuel L. Quezon, Jr.
Luisa Corazon Paz Quezon
Alma mater Colegio de San Juan de Letran
University of Santo Tomas
Profession Lawyer, soldier, politician
Religion Roman Catholicism
Signature
Military service
Allegiance  Philippines
Service/branch Philippine Revolutionary Army
Philippine Commonwealth Army
Years of service 1899–1900
1941–1944
Rank Major (1899–1900)
Battles/wars Philippine–American War
World War II
* Philippines Campaign (1941–1942)
* Japanese Occupation of the Philippines (1942–1945)
Presidential styles of
Manuel L. Quezon
Reference style His Excellency
Spoken style Your Excellency
Alternative style Mr. President

Manuel Luis Quezón y Molina (Spanish: [ma'nwel ˈlwis keˈson] : August 19, 1878 – August 1, 1944) was a Filipino statesman, soldier, and politician who served as president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government of the entire Philippines (as opposed to the government of previous Philippine states), and is considered to have been the second president of the Philippines, after Emilio Aguinaldo (1897–1901). Quezon was a Spanish Filipino, with both his parents being Filipino mestizos.

Quezon was the first Senate president elected to the presidency, the first president elected through a national election, and the first incumbent to secure re-election (for a partial second term, later extended, due to amendments to the 1935 Constitution). For pushing Commonwealth Act No. 184 that established the National Language Institute and a consequent Philippine national language, Quezon has been tagged as his country's "Father of the National Language".

During his presidency, Quezon tackled the problem of landless peasants in the countryside. His other major decisions include the reorganization of the islands' military defense, approval of a recommendation for government reorganization, the promotion of settlement and development in Mindanao, dealing with the foreign stranglehold on Philippine trade and commerce, proposals for land reform, and opposing graft and corruption within the government. He established a government-in-exile in the U.S. with the outbreak of the war and the threat of Japanese invasion.


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