Philippine presidential election, 1935
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None (last led by Emilio Aguinaldo)
Presidential, legislative and local elections were held September 16, 1935. This was the fourth election since the enactment of the Tydings–McDuffie Act, that paved the way for a transitory government, as well as the first nationwide at-large election ever held in the Philippines.
Senate President Manuel Luis Quezon won a lopsided victory against former President Emilio Aguinaldo. His election victory was largely due to the weak political machinations of his rivals. Another losing contender was Gregorio Aglipay, founder and supreme bishop of the Iglesia Filipina Indepediente (Philippine Independent Church). Pascual Racuyal, a mechanic by profession, also ran for President as an independent. Quezon's running mate, Senate President Pro Tempore Sergio Osmeña won a more impressive victory as Vice President of the Philippines. He was said to have faced less effective candidates.
Senate President Manuel Luis Quezon of Tayabas
Senate President Pro Tempore Sergio Osmeña of Cebu
After the passage of the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act in the United States in 1933, only requiring approval of the Philippine legislature, the Nacionalista Party was split between the Quezon and Osmeña factions. The Quezon wing, known as the Partido Nacionalista Democrata or Partido Nacionalista Consolidato, was against the act. The Osmeña wing, known as the Partido Nacionalista Pro-Independencia, was for the passage of the act. Historian Teodoro Agoncillo pointed out that the main reason for Quezon's rejection of the act lay in his anticipation that Osmeña, whose efforts brought the passage of the Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act, might run as President of the transition government slated to be established before granting of independence, resulting to the relegation of himself as second in command once more. Due to Quezon's efforts in the legislature, the Philippines rejected the act and himself promised a better law than the one brought home by Osmeña. His mission to the United States brought forth the passage of the Tydings–McDuffie Act in March 1935, just three months away from the Philippine legislative election, 1934.
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