Second Mexican Empire
| Mexican Empire | ||||||||||
| Imperio Mexicano | ||||||||||
| Client state of France | ||||||||||
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Motto Equidad en la Justicia "Equity in Justice" |
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Anthem Himno Nacional Mexicano "Mexican National Anthem" |
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.svg) Territory of the Second Mexican Empire upon establishment
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| Capital | Mexico City | |||||||||
| Languages | Spanish | |||||||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | |||||||||
| Government | Federal constitutional monarchy | |||||||||
| Emperor | ||||||||||
| • | 1864–1867 | Maximilian I | ||||||||
| Regent | ||||||||||
| • | 1863–1864 | Juan Almonte | ||||||||
| Legislature | Congress | |||||||||
| • | Upper house | Senate | ||||||||
| • | Lower house | Chamber of Deputies | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | French Intervention | 8 December 1861 | ||||||||
| • | Empire reestabilished | 10 July 1863 | ||||||||
| • | Maximilian I accepts the crown | 10 April 1864 | ||||||||
| • | Emperor executed | 19 June 1867 | ||||||||
| Currency | Peso | |||||||||
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The Mexican Empire (Spanish: Imperio Mexicano) or Second Mexican Empire (Spanish: Segundo Imperio Mexicano) was the name of Mexico under a limited hereditary monarchy declared by the Assembly of Notables on July 10, 1863, during the Second French intervention in Mexico. It was created with the support of Napoleon III of France, who attempted to establish a monarchist ally in the Americas. A referendum confirmed the coronation of the Austrian Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian, of the House of Habsburg as Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico.
Promoted by the powerful and conservative elite of Mexico's "hacendados", with the support of the French, as well as from the Austrian and Belgian crowns, the intervention attempted to create a monarchical system in Mexico, as it had functioned during the 300 years of the viceroyalty of New Spain and for the short term of the imperial independent reign of Emperor Agustin I of Mexico. Support came mainly from conservative Catholics, which were at the time majority within Mexico, and the main means came from the Mexican nobility, who aimed to promote stability and end the constant cycle of unrest and revolution that had come to a terrible situation with the government of Benito Juárez. The Empire came to an end on June 19, 1867, with the execution of Emperor Maximilian I.
The rule of Emperor Maximilian was blemished by constant conflict. On his arrival in 1864 with his wife, Empress Carlota of Mexico, daughter of King Leopold I of the Belgians, he found himself in the middle of a political struggle between the Conservatives that backed him and the opposing Liberals, headed by Benito Juárez. The two factions had set up parallel governments; the Conservatives in Mexico City controlling central Mexico and the Liberals in Veracruz. The Conservatives received funding from Europe, especially from Isabella II of Spain and Napoleon III of France; the Liberals found backing from United States Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, after they had finished their own Civil War in 1865.
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