Saint Brandon
| Native name: Saint Brandon | |
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| Geography | |
| Location | Indian Ocean |
| Coordinates | 16°35′S 59°37′E / 16.583°S 59.617°ECoordinates: 16°35′S 59°37′E / 16.583°S 59.617°E |
| Total islands | 22 |
| Major islands | Albatross Island, Raphael, Avocaré, Cocos Island and Île du Sud |
| Area | 1.3 km2 (0.50 sq mi) |
| Administration | |
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Mauritius
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| Largest settlement | Île Raphael (pop. 40) |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 63 (transient) (2000) |
| Pop. density | 48 /km2 (124 /sq mi) |
Saint Brandon, also known as the Cargados Carajos Shoals, is an Indian Ocean archipelago about 430 kilometres (270 mi) northeast of Mauritius consisting of a number of sand banks, shoals and islets. Saint Brandon consists of five island groups, with about 28–40 islands and islets in total, depending on seasonal storms and related sand movements. There are 22 named islands and shoals. The archipelago is low-lying and is prone to substantial submersion in severe weather. It has an aggregate land area estimated variously at 1.3 km2 (0.50 sq mi) and 500 acres (2.0 km2). Economic activity in the region is limited to fishing on the very extensive shallow bank covering approximately 900 sq mi (2,300 km2) around the islands. By the early 19th century, most of the islands were in use as fishing stations. Geographically, the archipelago is part of the Mascarene Islands and is situated on the Mascarene Plateau formed by the separation of the Mauritia microcontinent during the separation of India and Madagascar about 60 million years ago.
Politically, Saint Brandon is part of the territory of Mauritius and is grouped within the Outer Islands of Mauritius along with Agaléga, Tromelin (sovereignty disputed with France) and the Chagos Archipelago (sovereignty disputed with Britain), including Diego Garcia. The Outer Islands are defined as "all the islands comprised in the State of Mauritius other than the Islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues". They are administered from Port Louis by the Outer Island Development Corporation (OIDC), which is responsible for their management and development and reports to the prime minister's office. Under a judgment by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council on 30 July 2008, 13 of the outer islands were deemed to have been a permanent grant to the Raphael Fishing Company Ltd.
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